Endocardial Surface
Endocardial Surface - Related Videos
09:17
High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation
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Cited by 20 •
2011
This report provides a detailed description of the methodology and results of simultaneous endocardial and epicardial optical mapping of electrical excitation in the intact left atrium of a Langendorff-perfused sheep heart during stretch-induced atrial fibrillation.
09:38
Following Endocardial Tissue Movements via Cell Photoconversion in the Zebrafish Embryo
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Cited by 6 •
2018
This protocol describes a method for the photoconversion of Kaede fluorescent protein in endocardial cells of the living zebrafish embryo that enables the tracking of endocardial cells during atrioventricular canal and atrioventricular heart valve development.
08:57
En Face Endocardial Cushion Preparation for Planar Morphogenesis Analysis in Mouse Embryos
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Cited by 2 •
2022
Classically, the endocardium of the mouse embryonic valve primordium has been analyzed using transversal, coronal, or sagittal sections. Our novel approach for en face, two-dimensional imaging of the endocardium at valvulogenic regions allows planar polarity and cell rearrangement analysis of the endocardium during valve development.
08:22
Isolation of Endocardial and Coronary Endothelial Cells from the Ventricular Free Wall of the Rat Heart
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Cited by 13 •
2020
We present a protocol for the isolation of endocardial and coronary endothelial cells from rat hearts through sequential tissue digestion in a digestion buffer, cell collection from recurrent centrifuge cycles, and cell purification using anti-rat CD31 microbeads.
01:16
Surface Tension and Surface Energy
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2023
When a paint brush is immersed in water, the bristles wave freely inside the water. When it is taken out, the bristles stick together. The reason behind this effect is surface tension. Consider a beaker filled with liquid. The bulk molecules in the liquid experience equal attractive forces on all sides with the surrounding molecules. However, the surface molecules experience a net attractive force downward due to the bulk molecules. The surface of the liquid behaves like a stretched membrane,...
FAQs
Mechanical forces act as signals rather than merely physical stresses. Endocardial cells respond to changes in pressure, flow, and shear by modifying vascular signaling, inflammatory activity, and coagulation-related behavior. These responses help explain how abnormal mechanical conditions can contribute to cardiovascular injury and remodeling, making the surface important for understanding disease processes beyond its barrier function.
Selective permeability allows the endocardial lining to regulate exchanges at the blood-tissue interface instead of acting as an unrestricted boundary. Together with endothelial signaling, this property influences inflammatory responses and blood coagulation. Disruption of these controls can make the surface more relevant to thrombus formation, tissue injury, and structural changes within the heart.
The endocardial surface participates in regulating blood coagulation through its endothelial lining and responses to mechanical conditions. When local signaling or surface behavior is altered, the balance governing coagulation may change, increasing the relevance of the surface to intracardiac thrombus development. Studying these interactions connects cellular function with clinically important clot-related abnormalities inside the heart.
Changes in the forces acting on the endocardial surface can alter endothelial responses to pressure, flow, and shear stress. Those responses may affect signaling and inflammation, linking the mechanical environment to tissue injury and remodeling. This framework helps researchers examine how abnormal cardiac conditions produce surface changes and how those changes may influence later structural disease.
Clinical evaluation uses cardiac imaging and information obtained during catheter-based procedures to examine structures associated with the endocardial surface, including chambers and valves. These approaches help assess structural valve disease and other intracardiac abnormalities. Their value comes from connecting visible or procedural findings with the surface’s roles in circulation, inflammation, coagulation, and mechanical stress.
Infective endocarditis is one of the conditions for which examining the endocardial surface provides important clinical context. Because the surface lines chambers and valves and interfaces directly with circulating blood, abnormalities in these locations can be considered alongside structural valve findings. Surface-focused assessment therefore supports investigation of disease involving cardiac lining and valve structures.