Ex Vivo Drug Response
Ex Vivo Drug Response - Related Videos
11:12
Ex Vivo Red Blood Cell Hemolysis Assay for the Evaluation of pH-responsive Endosomolytic Agents for Cytosolic Delivery of Biomacromolecular Drugs
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Cited by 359 •
2013
A hemolysis assay can be used as a rapid, high-throughput screen of drug delivery systems' cytocompatibility and endosomolytic activity for intracellular cargo delivery. The assay measures the disruption of erythrocyte membranes as a function of environmental pH.
10:46
Rapid in vivo Drug Response Prediction Using Leukemia Cell Grafts in Zebrafish Embryos
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2025
This protocol provides step-by-step instructions for generating and troubleshooting human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) xenografts from cell lines and fresh patient material in transiently immunosuppressed zebrafish embryos, along with guidelines for drug response assessment using flow cytometry. The experimental pipeline can also be adapted for solid tumors.
06:52
Manufacturing and Using Piggy-back Multibarrel Electrodes for In vivo Pharmacological Manipulations of Neural Responses
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Cited by 8 •
2013
Iontophoresis of neural agonists and antagonists during extracellular in vivo recordings is a powerful way to manipulate a neuron’s microenvironment. These manipulations can most easily be done via piggy-back multibarrel electrodes. Here we describe how to manufacture them and use them during auditory recordings.
09:24
Generation of Microtumors Using 3D Human Biogel Culture System and Patient-derived Glioblastoma Cells for Kinomic Profiling and Drug Response Testing
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Cited by 20 •
2016
Patient-derived xenografts of glioblastoma multiforme can be miniaturized into living microtumors using 3D human biogel culture system. This in vivo-like 3D tumor assay is suitable for drug response testing and molecular profiling, including kinomic analysis.
09:19
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cancer Drug Sensitization In Vitro and In Vivo
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Cited by 4 •
2015
Here, real-time monitoring of tumor cell metabolism, combined with an in vivo chicken embryo chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) model of metastasis, are used to evaluate novel anti-cancer targets/agents for their ability to sensitize tumor cells to DNA damaging chemotherapeutics.
FAQs
Concentration and exposure time help determine whether a specimen shows a weak, partial, or strong drug effect. Testing selected concentrations for a defined period allows investigators to examine dose-dependent behavior rather than treating response as an all-or-none finding. This controlled design can distinguish apparent sensitivity from resistance and provides a structured basis for comparing therapeutic compounds.
Specimen quality and culture conditions can strongly influence the observed result. The sample must remain sufficiently representative of the original patient-derived material while being maintained under defined conditions outside the body. Changes in those conditions may alter viability, proliferation, morphology, or molecular features, so the measured response may not fully predict what occurs in vivo.
Different endpoints answer different questions about drug action. Viability indicates whether cells remain alive, proliferation reflects continued cell growth, morphology captures visible structural changes, and molecular measurements reveal underlying biological changes. Examining these readouts together can provide a more informative profile of sensitivity, resistance, and dose dependence than relying on a single observation.
Ex Vivo Drug Response provides a controlled setting for examining therapeutic effects while retaining features of the original specimen. Unlike direct clinical observation, it permits selected compounds, concentrations, and exposure periods to be compared under defined culture conditions. Its value is therefore translational: findings can connect laboratory evaluation with medicine, while still requiring caution about differences from responses in vivo.
An experiment begins with a cell, tissue, or patient-derived specimen, followed by maintenance under defined culture conditions. The material is then exposed to selected drug concentrations for a specified period. Investigators assess one or more endpoints, such as viability, proliferation, morphology, or molecular change, and compare the resulting patterns across treatments.
Within medicine, this approach supports preclinical evaluation, treatment selection, and translational research. It can help compare how a particular specimen reacts to selected therapeutic compounds before findings are considered in a broader clinical context. Because the assay measures sensitivity, resistance, and dose-dependent effects, it can add specimen-specific evidence to research decisions about candidate treatments.
A sensitive ex vivo result indicates that the tested specimen responded under the chosen culture conditions, concentration, and exposure period. It should not be treated as a complete prediction of clinical response, because specimen quality and culture conditions affect how closely the assay reflects in vivo behavior. Interpretation is strongest when these experimental conditions remain explicit.