Permanent Occlusion

Permanent occlusion is the functional relationship between the upper and lower permanent teeth when the jaws close and move during chewing, making it central to oral function and dental diagnosis. It develops as primary teeth are replaced and permanent teeth erupt into the arches; tooth contacts, intercuspation, jaw growth, periodontal support, and neuromuscular control together determine how forces are distributed. Clinicians evaluate permanent occlusion to identify malocclusion, assess bite stability, and plan orthodontic, restorative, and prosthodontic care. Understanding these relationships also helps explain efficient mastication, tooth wear, and the functional consequences of altered alignment.

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JoVE Business - Macroeconomics

Permanent Income Hypothesis

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2025

The Permanent Income Hypothesis (PIH), formulated by economist Milton Friedman, explains how individuals plan their consumption based on long-term income expectations rather than current earnings. This theory is fundamental for analyzing consumer behavior over time.Friedman separated total income into two parts: permanent income and transitory income.Permanent income represents the average income individuals expect throughout their lives, accounting for predictable and stable...

Research

JoVE Journal - Medicine

Permanent Cerebral Vessel Occlusion via Double Ligature and Transection

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Cited by 16 •

2013

We describe a highly reproducible method for the permanent occlusion of a rodent major cerebral blood vessel. This technique can be accomplished with very little peripheral damage, minimal blood loss, a high rate of long-term survival, and consistent infarct volume commensurate with the human clinical population.

The Application Of Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Ligation in the Mouse

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Cited by 29 •

2011

Middle cerebral artery (MCA) ligation is a technique to study focal cerebral ischemia in animal models. In this method, the middle cerebral artery is exposed by craniotomy and ligated by cauterization. This method gives highly reproducible infarct volumes and increased post-operative survival rates compared to other methods available.

Research

JoVE Journal - Bioengineering
Free Sample

Applying Permanent, Robust Stenciled Patterns of Fine Particles to Elastomeric Surfaces

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2025

We present a method to apply permanent markings and patterns to silicone surfaces by adhering fine particles to the surface. The markings can be either a recognizable design or a random speckle pattern such as those used in digital image correlation.

Research

JoVE Journal - Medicine
Free Sample

Modeling Stroke in Mice: Permanent Coagulation of the Distal Middle Cerebral Artery

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Cited by 104 •

2014

Various murine models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) are widely used in experimental brain research. Here, we demonstrate the model of transcranial permanent distal MCAO which produces consistent cortical infarction of a size corresponding to damage imposed by the majority of human ischemic strokes.

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