Epileptogenic Focus Localization
Epileptogenic Focus Localization - Related Videos
09:30
Focused Ion Beams
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2023
Source: Sina Shahbazmohamadi and Peiman Shahbeigi-Roodposhti-Roodposhti, School of Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT As electron microscopes become more complex and widely used in research labs, it becomes more of a necessity to introduce their capabilities. Focused ion beam (FIB) is an instrument that can be employed in order to fabricate, trim, analyze and characterize materials on mico- and nano-scales in a wide variety of fields from nano-electronics to medicine. FIB...
04:40
Focus Ultrasound Based Microbubble Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Opening: A Technique to Create Localized Transient Openings in Blood-Brain Barrier of Mouse by Sonoporation
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2025
This video describes a method of temporarily disrupting the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by creating transient openings using microbubble-mediated focused ultrasound (FUS). These transient local BBB openings can eventually be used to deliver larger-sized drug molecules directly into the brain parenchyma.
13:13
Nano-fEM: Protein Localization Using Photo-activated Localization Microscopy and Electron Microscopy
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Cited by 14 •
2012
We describe a method to localize fluorescently tagged proteins in electron micrographs. Fluorescence is first localized using photo-activated localization microscopy on ultrathin sections. These images are then aligned to electron micrographs of the same section.
01:16
Focusing of Light in the Eye
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2024
Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
01:27
Coping Strategies: Problem Focused
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2025
Coping strategies are methods people use to manage, tolerate, or reduce the effects of stressors. These strategies involve both behavioral and psychological actions to handle stressful situations. One common approach is problem-focused coping, which aims to change or eliminate the source of stress rather than merely addressing its consequences. This method involves taking direct action to resolve the issue causing stress. For example, consider a student who struggles to understand their...
FAQs
The first region showing abnormal electrical activity may differ from areas that become involved as the seizure spreads. Separating the seizure onset zone from propagated activity helps clinicians target the initiating tissue rather than treating every region that appears abnormal. This distinction is especially important when evaluating treatment options near functional brain areas.
No single source of information necessarily provides the full localization picture. Clinicians integrate seizure history, neurological examination, electroencephalography, and structural or functional imaging to compare clinical events with electrical and imaging findings. Agreement among these sources can clarify where activity begins, how it spreads, and whether the findings support a consistent treatment plan.
Electroencephalography contributes electrical evidence about seizure activity. Scalp recordings provide one level of observation, while intracranial recordings can be used during evaluation when more direct information is needed. Interpreting these recordings alongside the seizure history, examination, and imaging helps define the onset zone and distinguish it from surrounding regions involved during the event.
Localization is not limited to finding abnormal tissue; it also considers nearby eloquent brain areas responsible for language, movement, and memory. Mapping the seizure-related regions in relation to these functions helps clinicians evaluate whether a proposed intervention can be targeted while protecting important abilities. This relationship directly influences surgical evaluation and personalized treatment planning.
The evaluation begins with seizure history and neurological examination, followed by interpretation of scalp or intracranial electroencephalography and imaging findings. MRI, positron emission tomography, or single-photon emission computed tomography may contribute complementary information. Clinicians then compare the results to define the seizure onset zone, assess spread, and consider treatment options.
It is especially important in drug-resistant epilepsy, where clinicians are assessing whether a targeted intervention may be appropriate. A carefully defined focus can support surgical evaluation or targeted ablation, while information about seizure spread and eloquent cortex helps refine the plan. The resulting assessment supports treatment decisions tailored to the individual patient.