Spontaneous Recovery
Spontaneous Recovery - Related Videos
02:21
Spontaneity
0 Views •
2020
A spontaneous process is one that occurs naturally under certain conditions. A nonspontaneous process, on the other hand, will not take place unless it is “driven” by the continual input of energy from an external source. Processes have a natural tendency to occur in one direction under a given set of conditions. Water will naturally flow downhill (spontaneous process), but uphill flow (nonspontaneous process) requires outside intervention such as the use of a pump. Iron exposed to the earth’s...
11:27
Modeling Spontaneous Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (mRCC) in Mice Following Nephrectomy
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Cited by 23 •
2014
Models of spontaneous metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) disease progression can be used for evaluating treatments in a clinically relevant setting. This protocol demonstrates different procedures for orthotopic kidney tumor cell implantation, proper nephrectomy, and finally outlines a necropsy guide for visual and bioluminescent scoring of metastatic burden and localization.
08:06
Determination of the Spontaneous Locomotor Activity in Drosophila melanogaster
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Cited by 16 •
2014
Drosophila melanogaster are useful in studying genetic or environmental manipulations that affect behaviors such as spontaneous locomotor activity. Here we describe a protocol that utilizes monitors with infrared beams and data analysis software to quantify spontaneous locomotor...
03:17
Measuring Spontaneous Phage Induction in Lysogenic Bacteria Over Time
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2026
Source: Krishnamurthi, R., et al. Understanding the Impact of Temperate Bacteriophages on Their Lysogens Through Transcriptomics. J. Vis. Exp. (2024).This video demonstrates the temporal enumeration of spontaneous phage induction in lysogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa by quantifying viable bacterial cells (CFUs) and infective phage particles (PFUs) over time. By sampling at defined intervals during growth and analyzing both colony and plaque formation, the method reveals when spontaneous induction...
08:11
An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Spontaneous Breast Cancer Metastasis
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Cited by 83 •
2016
An orthotopic breast cancer primary tumor model and surgical removal of primary tumor to extend mouse life to generate spontaneous metastasis are described. The tumor growth and progression are monitored and quantified by luciferase fluorescence imaging.
FAQs
Extinction does not simply delete the conditioned response or erase the original association. Instead, repeated presentations of the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus create new inhibitory learning that suppresses the response. The earlier stimulus-response association remains available, which helps explain why the response can later regain influence.
The passage of time without exposure to the conditioned stimulus can allow the original learning to influence behavior again. When the stimulus is encountered after this interval, the inhibitory learning formed during extinction may no longer fully suppress the earlier association. The delay therefore provides an important condition for observing renewed responding.
A response that returns after extinction indicates that the original learning was not necessarily eliminated. Extinction reduces the expression of that learning by establishing an inhibitory relation between the conditioned stimulus and the absent unconditioned stimulus. The later return of responding reveals competition between newer inhibitory learning and the earlier association.
The original association remains capable of affecting behavior even after repeated nonreinforced presentations have reduced the response. Following a period without the conditioned stimulus, that earlier association may regain influence when the stimulus appears again. Spontaneous recovery therefore provides evidence that learned responses can be suppressed without being completely removed.
A typical sequence begins with learning that links a conditioned stimulus to an unconditioned stimulus. Researchers then present the conditioned stimulus repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus to produce extinction, wait for a period, and present the stimulus again. A renewed conditioned response after the delay provides evidence of spontaneous recovery.
The phenomenon shows that reduced responding does not always mean that earlier learning has disappeared. Instead, behavior may reflect the interaction of an original association with newer inhibitory learning. This makes spontaneous recovery useful for studying how learning is retained, how memories influence later responses, and why suppressed behavior can reappear.
During exposure-based treatment, repeated encounters with feared cues without the expected unconditioned event can strengthen inhibitory learning and reduce fear responses. Spontaneous recovery indicates that fear may nevertheless reappear after time has passed. Recognizing this possibility helps clinicians frame renewed fear as a potential return of earlier learning rather than automatic treatment failure.
Clinicians can prepare individuals for the possible return of fear after a period without encountering a relevant cue. This expectation reflects the persistence of the original learning and the limits of extinction-based suppression. Continued attention to inhibitory learning over time may help strengthen the newer learning used to regulate the earlier fear association.