Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease characterized by hyperresponsive airways, mucosal swelling, and excessive mucus production.

These conditions result in recurring symptoms such as coughing, chest tightness, wheezing, and shortness of breath.

Several risk factors and triggers can provoke asthma attacks.

Respiratory infections, especially viral infections like the common cold, can worsen asthma symptoms.

Inhaling tobacco smoke, both active and passive, is a significant trigger, with smoking during pregnancy posing a considerable risk to the fetus.

Allergies such as allergic rhinitis or eczema also increase the likelihood of developing asthma.

Environmental pollutants like particulate matter and smog exacerbate symptoms.

Indoor and outdoor allergens can trigger attacks, including pollen, pet dander, dust mites, cockroaches, fungi, and molds.

Physical activity can lead to exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, while specific workplaces with irritants or chemicals can cause occupational asthma.

Additional triggers include genetics, gastroesophageal reflux disease, obesity, and certain medications.