Magnetic Millirobots for Region-Specific Drug Delivery in the Rat Central Nervous System

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Begin with a harvested rat brain submerged in artificial cerebrospinal fluid in a petri dish.

Deposit the magnetic millirobot onto the brain cortex.

The millirobot, termed MANiAC, consists of magnetically aligned nickel nanorods embedded within a microcapsule composed of the biocompatible hydrogel alginate and loaded with a dye as a model drug.

Position an external magnetic field generator beneath the petri dish to generate a uniform rotating magnetic field.

The nickel nanorods align and rotate with the magnetic field, propelling the MANiAC over the cortical surface.

Allow the MANiAC to traverse the cortical surface, pausing at target sites for controlled drug release.

The drug diffuses through the alginate capsule into the brain’s extracellular matrix, reaching neurons and glial cells.

The cells uptake the drug molecules via receptor-mediated endocytosis.

The run-and-pause motion ensures localized drug deposition while minimizing off-target delivery, and allows for redosing at previously treated sites.

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Last updated: 4 July 2026