Nozzle Assembly
Nozzle Assembly - Related Videos
10:22
Nozzle Analysis: Variations in Mach Number and Pressure Along a Converging and a Converging-diverging Nozzle
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2023
Source: Shreyas Narsipur, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC A nozzle is a device that is commonly used to accelerate or decelerate flow by virtue of its varying cross-section. Nozzles are widely used in aerospace propulsion systems. In rockets, propellant that is ejected from the chamber is accelerated through a nozzle to create a reaction force that propels the system. In jet engines, a nozzle is used to transform energy from a high-pressure...
08:14
Measuring Spray Droplet Size from Agricultural Nozzles Using Laser Diffraction
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Cited by 30 •
2016
We present protocols to be used in the measurement of spray droplet size from agricultural nozzles used in both aerial and ground based agrochemical applications. These methods presented were developed to provide consistent and repeatable droplet size data both inter- and intra-laboratory, when using laser diffraction systems.
07:13
Alginate Encapsulation of Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Co-axial Nozzle
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Cited by 14 •
2015
We established a method of encapsulating pluripotent stem cells (PS cells) into alginate hydrogel capsules using a co-axial nozzle. This prevents cells from aggregating excessively and limits the shear stress experienced by cells in suspension culture. The technique is applicable to the mass production of PS cells as well as research on stem cell niche.
11:36
Assembly, Loading, and Alignment of an Analytical Ultracentrifuge Sample Cell
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Cited by 21 •
2009
The analytical ultracentrifuge (AUC) sample cell holds sample and reference buffer and during experiments and is exposed to high vacuum and rotor speeds up to 60,000 rpm. This video will demonstrate the rigorous attention to detail necessary for assembly, loading and alignment of this very important component of an AUC experiment.
02:41
Protein Complex Assembly
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2020
Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types. Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes. Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
FAQs
Nozzle geometry directly shapes the deposited material by influencing print resolution, deposition rate, and filament form. The outlet design also affects the flow conditions experienced by the bioink as it passes through the assembly. Consequently, selecting an appropriate geometry is important when building organized structures and when balancing shape fidelity with exposure of the material to shear.
Pressure or another mechanical force drives the bioink from its reservoir through the tubing, connectors, and nozzle. Changes in the driving force alter how quickly material is discharged and can influence filament shape and deposition consistency. These flow conditions also determine the shear exposure experienced by bioinks, which is particularly relevant when the formulation contains living cells.
The components form a connected delivery pathway, so their performance cannot be considered independently. Material must move from the reservoir through the tubing and connectors before reaching the outlet, while the nozzle controls the final discharge. Coordinating these elements supports compatible material handling and improves the reproducibility of deposited filaments or other engineered tissue features.
A bioink is held in a reservoir, driven through connected tubing and fittings, and discharged through the selected nozzle orifice. During printing, the assembly delivers the material in a controlled pattern to create organized structures. The chosen geometry and flow conditions should be considered together because they affect deposition rate, filament shape, and shear exposure.
Researchers use this type of assembly when a bioengineering system must place polymers, biomaterials, or cell-containing bioinks into organized structures. Its primary application is extrusion-based bioprinting, where successive material deposition supports the construction of engineered tissues. The approach is therefore relevant when controlled delivery and spatial organization are central experimental goals.
Evaluation should include print resolution, cell viability, material compatibility, and reproducibility of the engineered structure. Nozzle design and flow conditions influence these outcomes through their effects on deposition, filament formation, and shear exposure. Considering all four measures helps researchers judge whether an assembly is suitable for a particular bioink and tissue-engineering objective.