Liver Disorders
Liver Disorders - Related Videos
12:35
In vivo Liver Endocytosis Followed by Purification of Liver Cells by Liver Perfusion
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Cited by 14 •
2011
The study of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) must be performed with primary cells obtained from the animal as no cell lines exist. This method relies on liver digestion and differential centrifugation for SEC purification for subsequent culturing and experimentation.
02:18
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
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2020
Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...
12:13
Ex Situ Normothermic Machine Perfusion of Donor Livers
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Cited by 21 •
2015
Here we present a protocol describing oxygenated ex situ machine perfusion of donor liver grafts. This article contains a step by step protocol to procure and prepare the liver graft for machine perfusion, prepare the perfusion fluid, prime the perfusion machine and perform oxygenated normothermic machine perfusion of the liver graft.
09:24
Decellularization and Recellularization of Whole Livers
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Cited by 39 •
2011
Perfusion decellularization is a novel technique to produce whole liver scaffolds that retains the organ's extracellular matrix composition and microarchitecture. Herein, the method of preparing whole organ scaffolds using perfusion decellularization and subsequent repopulation with hepatocytes is described. Functional and transplantable liver grafts can be generated using this technique.
08:54
Functional Human Liver Preservation and Recovery by Means of Subnormothermic Machine Perfusion
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Cited by 29 •
2015
We describe a method of ex vivo machine perfusion of human liver grafts at subnormothermic temperature (21 °C).
FAQs
A central biological sequence begins when hepatocytes are injured by infection, alcohol exposure, metabolic imbalance, autoimmune activity, or inherited defects. Injury can provoke inflammation, which alters the liver’s tissue environment and promotes fibrosis, the buildup of scar tissue. With continued damage, fibrosis may advance to cirrhosis, reducing normal liver function and complicating the organ’s ability to maintain whole-body homeostasis.
The initiating factor influences which liver processes become disrupted. Viral infection and autoimmune activity can drive inflammation, whereas alcohol exposure and metabolic imbalance can injure hepatocytes through different biological pathways. Inherited defects may impair liver functions from the outset. These distinctions help explain why biological evaluation must differentiate conditions rather than treat all liver disorders as one disease pattern.
Bile formation and movement are important liver functions, so disruption of bile flow produces a distinct pattern called cholestasis. This mechanism differs from injury dominated by hepatocyte damage or inflammation, although several processes may occur together. Identifying altered bile flow helps investigators classify the disorder, connect symptoms or test findings to liver biology, and distinguish cholestatic disease from other forms of dysfunction.
The liver supports metabolism, detoxification, protein production, and bile formation, so declining function can disturb more than the organ itself. Changes in these activities may affect whole-body homeostasis, the maintenance of a stable internal environment. This broader biological context explains why assessing functional decline matters even when the initial injury is localized to liver tissue.
Investigation combines several complementary approaches rather than relying on one observation. Clinical assessment provides the initial context, blood tests help evaluate liver function, imaging examines structural or related changes, and tissue analysis supplies cellular or histological evidence. Together, these methods help distinguish hepatitis, fatty liver disease, cholestasis, and liver cancer while evaluating whether function has declined.
Researchers apply these investigations to clarify disease mechanisms, improve prevention, support earlier diagnosis, and guide therapeutic development. Comparing infection-related, metabolic, autoimmune, inherited, and cancer-associated conditions can reveal how injury, inflammation, bile-flow changes, and fibrosis produce different outcomes. Studies of liver biology also contribute to research on regeneration, especially when disease has impaired normal tissue function.