Paired Kidneys
Paired Kidneys - Related Videos
08:19
The Mouse Isolated Perfused Kidney Technique
0 Views •
Cited by 24 •
2016
The mouse isolated perfused kidney (MIPK) is a technique for keeping a mouse kidney under ex vivo conditions perfused and functional for 1 hr. The buffers and surgical technique are described in detail.
07:40
Dissection of the Adult Zebrafish Kidney
0 Views •
Cited by 38 •
2011
The zebrafish kidney is home to both renal and hematopoietic adult stem/progenitor cells, and represents an outstanding opportunity to study these cell types and their progeny in a vertebrate model organism. Here, we demonstrate a detailed dissection procedure that enables the researcher to identify and surgically remove the adult zebrafish kidney, which can be used for applications such as cell isolation, transplantation, and expression studies of kidney and/or blood cell populations.
01:45
Kidney Structure
0 Views •
2019
The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries. The renal cortex is the thick outer layer of the kidney. It...
02:27
DNA Base Pairing
0 Views •
2020
Erwin Chargaff’s rules on DNA equivalence paved the way for the discovery of base pairing in DNA. Chargaff’s rules state that in a double-stranded DNA molecule, the amount of adenine (A) is equal to the amount of thymine (T); the amount of guanine (G) is equal to the amount of cytosine (C); and the sum of purines, A and G, is equal to the sum of pyrimidines, C and T (i.e., A+G = C+T). Later work by Watson and Crick revealed that in double-stranded DNA, A always forms two hydrogen bonds...
10:42
Normothermic Machine Perfusion of Rat Kidneys for Transplantation
0 Views •
2026
This protocol describes the ex vivo normothermic machine perfusion of a rat kidney for subsequent transplantation into a recipient rat.
FAQs
Urine formation depends on three linked nephron activities. The glomerulus first filters plasma, creating a fluid that enters the nephron. The nephron then selectively reabsorbs useful water and solutes, while secretion adds additional wastes to the forming urine. This sequence separates retained materials from substances destined for elimination and provides the cellular basis for renal regulation.
The kidneys adjust these variables through the relative amounts of water and solutes returned to the body or left in forming urine. Their coordinated activity helps control blood volume and electrolyte levels, while also contributing to acid–base balance. Because these functions are linked, altered handling of fluid or solutes can affect several aspects of internal balance at once.
Blood pressure is connected to renal control of blood volume. By regulating how much water remains in the body versus enters forming urine, the kidneys participate in maintaining the volume conditions that influence pressure. The overview also identifies this control as a coordinated function of paired kidneys, making renal physiology relevant to studies of blood-pressure regulation.
Renal function extends beyond filtration and urine formation. The kidneys support erythropoietin production, so their study includes a hormonal dimension as well as fluid, electrolyte, waste, and acid–base regulation. This broader perspective helps biology students and researchers interpret the organs as contributors to whole-body homeostasis rather than as organs concerned only with excretion.
Researchers can use paired kidneys as a foundation for examining vertebrate anatomy and physiology. Study may connect microscopic nephron activity with organ-level regulation of fluids, electrolytes, wastes, blood volume, acid–base status, and blood pressure. This framework also supports investigation of kidney disease, allowing structural and functional questions to be considered together.
Research extends to dialysis and transplantation when investigators need to address how renal function is supported or restored. The paired-kidney framework supplies physiological context for considering filtration, waste removal, and regulation of internal conditions in those settings. It also connects organ function with the consequences of impaired renal activity and the need for replacement or support.
Developmental abnormalities matter because they can affect renal function, linking how the organs form with how effectively they perform their physiological roles. Including this context broadens research beyond normal anatomy: investigators can examine how altered development relates to filtration, regulation of internal balance, waste removal, and the clinical problems that motivate kidney research.