Chemical Carcinogenesis
Chemical Carcinogenesis - Related Videos
03:02
Chemical-induced Two-stage Skin Carcinogenesis Model: An Experimental In Vivo Mouse Model of Skin Cancer
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2023
This video describes the procedure to induce two-stage skin carcinogenesis to study tumor initiation by topical application of chemicals. In the first step, a mutagen, DMBA, is applied onto the skin of a mouse model which initiates tumor formation by causing mutations in the stem cells, followed by the application of a growth stimulator, TPA, which accelerates skin papilloma formation.
08:38
Renal Capsule Xenografting and Subcutaneous Pellet Implantation for the Evaluation of Prostate Carcinogenesis and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
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Cited by 13 •
2013
We describe the manufacture of compressed hormone pellets, as well as subcutaneous surgical implantation into mice. This strategy can be combined with the growth of cell and tissue xenografts under the renal capsule of athymic nude mice to evaluate hormonal carcinogenesis and regulation of benign prostate growth.
06:53
Cell Population Analyses During Skin Carcinogenesis
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Cited by 6 •
2013
Carcinogenesis is a process involving interactions between cancer cells and the cancer microenvironment. To dissect the molecular events, one needs to isolate different cell populations at different stages during cancer development. Using a mouse model for basal cell carcinoma, we describe a protocol for cell analyses during carcinogenesis.
![Chemical-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis Model Using Dimethylbenz[a]Anthracene and 12-O-Tetradecanoyl Phorbol-13-Acetate (DMBA-TPA)](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront.jove.com%2FCDNSource%2Fteasers%2F60445.jpg%3Fv%3D2026-09-01%252017%253A27%253A52&w=750&q=75)
04:12
Chemical-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis Model Using Dimethylbenz[a]Anthracene and 12-O-Tetradecanoyl Phorbol-13-Acetate (DMBA-TPA)
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Cited by 18 •
2019
Two-stage skin carcinogenesis is induced by two topically applied chemicals. A mutagen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene) causes mutations in the epidermal cells and a continuous application of general growth stimulator 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate accelerates skin papilloma formation.
02:52
Chemical Formulas
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2020
A chemical formula presents information about the proportions of atoms constituting a particular chemical compound or molecule, mainly using symbols of elements and numbers. At times other symbols, such as dashes, parentheses, brackets, commas, plus, and minus signs, are also used. A chemical formula can be one of three types – molecular, empirical, and structural. Molecular Formula The molecular formula represents a molecule or a chemical compound using chemical symbols (to indicate the...
FAQs
Many chemical agents become carcinogenic only after metabolic activation, a conversion that produces reactive intermediates. These intermediates can bind DNA and create chemical alterations called DNA adducts. Adduct formation provides a mechanistic link between exposure and genetic damage, helping investigators trace how an initially inactive compound may produce changes relevant to tumor initiation.
DNA adducts matter because they can contribute to mutations, while mutations may disturb pathways controlling cell growth, survival, and tissue repair. This sequence helps clarify how an exposure-related molecular event can lead to broader biological consequences. In cancer research, tracking these linked changes clarifies how chemical damage can influence both tumor initiation and subsequent development.
Evaluating different doses and exposure conditions helps reveal whether biological effects change with the amount or circumstances of chemical contact. Researchers can pair these comparisons with genetic or cellular response measurements to characterize hazard more precisely. Such information supports interpretation of risk and helps identify conditions under which carcinogenic mechanisms are most evident.
A typical investigation begins by selecting a chemical agent and an appropriate laboratory model, then examining mechanism-related outcomes such as genetic or cellular responses. Researchers may compare exposure levels to assess dose-related effects and use the resulting evidence to evaluate hazard. These studies connect molecular observations with tumor initiation or progression in controlled research settings.
Evidence from chemical carcinogenesis studies helps identify hazardous compounds and supports risk assessment. The same evidence can guide chemical safety standards, cancer prevention strategies, and the selection of laboratory models. By linking exposure-related effects with genetic or cellular responses, this research gives decision-makers a scientific basis for reducing harmful exposures and prioritizing compounds for further evaluation.
Measurements of DNA damage, mutations, or other genetic and cellular responses can provide evidence of how a chemical acts in biological systems. These findings support biomarker development, which can help connect exposure or mechanism with cancer-related research questions. They also contribute to laboratory models used to study tumor initiation and progression.