Tumor Initiation Modeling
Tumor Initiation Modeling - Related Videos
11:37
In vitro Enrichment of Ovarian Cancer Tumor-initiating Cells
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Cited by 30 •
2015
Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) may represent a viable therapeutic target for the treatment of ovarian cancer, a highly recurrent and fatal disease. We present a protocol for culture conditions that enrich for this highly tumorigenic population of cells.
02:43
Tumor Implantation and Injection of a Tumor Vaccine in a Mouse Model
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2025
This video demonstrates a cell-based tumor vaccination assay. A mouse, intradermally injected with B16-F10 melanoma cells for tumor formation, is vaccinated with B16-F10 cells secreting Flt3L cytokine near the developed tumor. The secreted Flt3L from the vaccine promotes the maturation and proliferation of dendritic cells that then present tumor antigens to T cells in lymph nodes, triggering a targeted anti-tumor immune response.
07:13
Initiation of Metastatic Breast Carcinoma by Targeting of the Ductal Epithelium with Adenovirus-Cre: A Novel Transgenic Mouse Model of Breast Cancer
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Cited by 27 •
2014
Activation of latent mutations with adenovirus-Cre into the mammary ductal system results in a clinically relevant metastatic breast cancer. Incorporation of a YFP promoter allows tracking of distal metastatic tumor cells. This model is useful to study latent metastasis, anti-tumor immunity, and for designing novel immunotherapies to treat breast cancer.
02:33
Initiation of Translation
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2020
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs. First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
07:49
Evaluation of Tumor-infiltrating Leukocyte Subsets in a Subcutaneous Tumor Model
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Cited by 15 •
2015
This protocol describes a method for the detailed evaluation of leukocyte subsets within the tumor microenvironment in a mouse tumor model. Chemerin-expressing B16 melanoma cells were implanted subcutaneously into syngeneic mice. Cells from the tumor microenvironment were then stained and analyzed by flow cytometry, allowing for detailed leukocyte subset analyses.
FAQs
Genetic alterations change cellular information, whereas epigenetic alterations can modify how that information is used without changing the underlying sequence. Models represent these events to examine how each may influence the acquisition of cancer-related properties. This helps researchers distinguish possible initiating drivers from downstream changes and connect molecular disruption with the earliest stages of disease onset.
Early transformation may depend not only on changes within a cell but also on altered signaling and communication with surrounding tissue. Representing these influences allows a model to examine how local conditions affect the behavior of altered cells. This broader view helps connect cell-intrinsic molecular events with the tissue context in which clonal expansion begins.
Tracking clonal expansion shows how a cell carrying an oncogenic change and its descendants may increase within a population. Examining transformation alongside that expansion helps clarify whether molecular or signaling changes are associated with acquiring cancer-related properties. These observations provide a mechanistic link between an initiating event and the emergence of a developing abnormal population.
Experimental models represent initiation through biological systems, while computational and mathematical models represent relationships among initiating events, cellular behavior, and disease development. Their forms differ, but each can examine early oncogenic processes and generate comparisons across conditions. Using multiple approaches can connect molecular changes with predicted or observed patterns of expansion, transformation, onset, and progression.
A study first selects a model suited to the early event or comparison of interest, then represents relevant genetic, epigenetic, signaling, or tissue factors. Researchers examine how those variables relate to clonal expansion and transformation, and interpret the resulting patterns in relation to cancer development. The approach can be adapted to experimental, computational, or mathematical analysis.
Tumor initiation models provide a framework for representing environmental and inherited risk factors as different influences on early oncogenic events. Researchers can compare how those influences affect molecular changes, signaling, tissue interactions, clonal expansion, or transformation. Such comparisons help identify which factors may contribute to disease onset and clarify their possible roles before an established tumor forms.
Because these models focus on stages before established tumors form, they can be used to examine whether a preventive or therapeutic strategy changes early oncogenic processes. Researchers may assess effects on molecular alterations, signaling, tissue interactions, clonal expansion, or transformation. This supports earlier evaluation of strategies and links their outcomes to mechanisms involved in cancer development.