In Vivo Studies
In Vivo Studies - Related Videos
08:33
An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
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Cited by 14 •
2014
This protocol describes dissection of mouse embryonic thyroid anlagen and the culture of explants on semiporous filters or on microscopy plastic slides. This system is ideal to study morphogenetic or differentiation events occurring during thyroid development of wild type or knockout embryos, and is amenable to gain- and loss-of-function experiments.
05:14
Studying Interactions between Myeloid Cells and CAR T Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
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2025
Given the limited xenograft models available to study interactions between human CART and myeloid cells, we established in vitro and in vivo models to understand the impacts of human macrophages on CART cells. Findings can potentially be generalized to evaluate macrophage roles in the tumor microenvironment and test macrophage-targeted immunotherapies.
12:31
An Ex vivo Model to Study Hormone Action in the Human Breast
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Cited by 8 •
2015
We have developed a novel ex vivo model to study hormone action in the human breast. It is based on tissue microstructures isolated from surgical breast tissue specimens which preserve tissue architecture, intercellular interactions, and paracrine signaling.
07:42
An Ex vivo Assay to Study Candida albicans Hyphal Morphogenesis in the Gastrointestinal Tract
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Cited by 2 •
2020
The ex vivo assay described in this study using gut homogenate extracts and immunofluorescence staining represents a novel method to examine the hyphal morphogenesis of Candida albicans in the GI tract. This method can be utilized to investigate the environmental signals regulating morphogenetic transition in the gut.
17:14
In vivo and in vitro Studies of Adaptor-clathrin Interaction
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Cited by 8 •
2011
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis depends on adaptor proteins that coordinate cargo selection and clathrin coat assembly. Here we describe procedures to study adaptor-clathrin physical interaction and live cell imaging approaches using as a model the yeast endocytic adaptor protein Sla1p.
FAQs
Living organisms preserve interactions among organs and regulatory systems that may be absent from isolated laboratory models. These interactions can influence how an intervention produces biological effects, how the body responds, and which outcomes become measurable. Consequently, in vivo findings provide a basis for judging whether observations from laboratory or animal models remain relevant to patient biology.
The appropriate measurements depend on the biological question and may include clinical signs, biomarkers, pharmacokinetics, or tissue responses. Clinical signs describe observable effects, biomarkers indicate measurable biological changes, pharmacokinetics tracks how an intervention behaves in the body, and tissue responses show effects at the tissue level. Together, these measures connect intervention exposure with biological and clinical outcomes.
Laboratory models may not reproduce the full coordination of organs and regulatory systems present in a living organism. In vivo studies capture those interactions, so an intervention can show biological effects that are altered when studied in a more isolated setting. This comparison helps researchers assess whether earlier findings translate across models and ultimately have relevance for patients.
Clinical investigations examine treatment safety and efficacy rather than relying on a single biological measurement. Researchers can also evaluate dosage, clinical signs, biomarkers, pharmacokinetics, and tissue responses to characterize how an intervention affects participants. Considering these outcomes together helps determine whether observed biological effects support useful treatment decisions and whether potential benefits are accompanied by unacceptable safety concerns.
A typical workflow begins by administering an intervention to living participants or observing an existing disease process. Researchers then measure relevant outcomes, such as clinical signs, biomarkers, pharmacokinetics, or tissue responses, while considering the organism’s intact physiological context. The resulting evidence is interpreted to assess safety, efficacy, dosage, or biological effects, depending on the study purpose.
Researchers choose a clinical in vivo study when they need evidence about how an intervention behaves in human participants or whether earlier findings translate to patients. Such studies can evaluate treatment safety, efficacy, dosage, and real-world biological effects. They are therefore especially relevant when decisions must move beyond controlled laboratory observations toward evidence-based medical practice.
Clinical in vivo research includes both trials and observational studies, which address biological and medical questions through different study contexts. Trials evaluate an intervention in participants, whereas observational studies examine disease processes or biological effects without requiring the same intervention-focused approach. Together, they contribute evidence about treatment performance, patient responses, and real-world biology.