Acute Kidney Injury
Acute Kidney Injury - Related Videos
09:09
Ischemia-reperfusion Model of Acute Kidney Injury and Post Injury Fibrosis in Mice
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Cited by 141 •
2013
We describe models of moderate and severe ischemia-reperfusion-induced kidney injury in which the mice undergo unilateral renal pedicle clamping followed by simultaneous or delayed contralateral nephrectomy, respectively. These models consistently give rise to renal dysfunction and post-injury fibrosis, but injury severity and survival are dependent on mouse background, age and surgical equipment.
07:58
Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury
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Cited by 8 •
2016
Renal injuries incurred from nephrotoxins, which include drugs ranging from antibiotics to chemotherapeutics, can result in complex disorders whose pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. This protocol demonstrates how zebrafish can be used for disease modeling of these conditions, which can be applied to the identification of renoprotective measures.
15:55
Intravenous Microinjections of Zebrafish Larvae to Study Acute Kidney Injury
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Cited by 83 •
2010
We describe a technique of microinjecting the aminoglycoside, gentamicin, into 2 days post-fetilization (dpf) zebrafish larvae to induce acute kidney injury (AKI). We also describe a method for whole mount immunohistochemistry, plastic embedding and sectioning of zebrafish larvae to visualize the AKI mediated damage.
09:53
Precise Cellular Ablation Approach for Modeling Acute Kidney Injury in Developing Zebrafish
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Cited by 2 •
2017
This work presents a new in vivo model of segmental kidney injury using kidney GFP transgenic zebrafish. The model allows for the induction of the targeted ablation of kidney epithelial cells to show the cellular mechanisms of nephron injury and repair.
01:22
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction
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2025
Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
FAQs
These mechanisms affect kidney function at different points. Reduced renal blood flow limits filtration, direct injury can involve tubular or glomerular structures, and obstruction interferes with urine passage. Distinguishing among them is clinically important because management may focus on fluid handling, treatment of the underlying injury, or relieving the obstruction.
Serum creatinine and urine output are complementary indicators of changing kidney function. A rising creatinine suggests reduced filtration, whereas reduced urine output signals impaired urinary production or flow. Following both measures over time helps clinicians recognize the timing and progression of AKI and assess whether kidney function is stabilizing or worsening.
A sudden decline in renal function can disrupt waste clearance, fluid regulation, electrolyte balance, and acid–base control. These disturbances create potential complications beyond the initial kidney problem and require active monitoring. The risk is clinically significant because an episode of AKI may also be followed by persistent kidney dysfunction.
Evaluation begins by identifying the likely cause and establishing when the decline began. Clinicians then monitor serum creatinine, urine output, fluid status, electrolytes, and acid–base balance while considering reduced blood flow, direct renal injury, and urinary obstruction. This structured assessment supports timely, cause-directed treatment and helps detect complications.
Cause identification directs the next treatment steps rather than relying on a single approach. Clinicians may adjust fluid management when renal blood flow is reduced, modify medications, treat an infection, or address urinary obstruction. Establishing timing alongside cause also helps guide monitoring and judge whether kidney function is improving or remaining impaired.
Renal replacement therapy may be needed when the consequences of impaired kidney function cannot be adequately managed through other measures. Its consideration occurs within ongoing assessment of waste clearance, fluid balance, electrolytes, and acid–base status. In medicine, recognizing this need is part of monitoring AKI severity and preventing complications.