Posner Attention-shifting Paradigm
Posner Attention-shifting Paradigm - Related Videos
08:52
The Attentional Blink
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2023
Source: Laboratory of Jonathan Flombaum—Johns Hopkins University In order for recognition of a certain stimulus to take place, visual attention needs to be directed towards said stimulus. To the earliest parts of the visual system, objects are not objects, they are collections of visual features-lines, corners, changes in texture, color, and light. Attention is the resource that is necessary for later processing in order to recognize what a given bundle of features adds up to. This makes...
09:15
The Attentional Set Shifting Task: A Measure of Cognitive Flexibility in Mice
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Cited by 82 •
2015
The goal of this protocol is to perform a behavioral assay such as the attentional set shifting task (AST) to assess prefrontal cortex-mediated cognitive flexibility in mice.
09:45
New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat
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Cited by 3 •
2017
Set-shifting, a form of behavioral flexibility, requires an attentional shift from one stimulus dimension to another. We extended an established rodent set-shifting task1 by requiring attention to different stimuli according to context. The task was combined with specific lesions to identify neuron subtypes underlying a successful shift.
07:26
Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm
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Cited by 6 •
2020
Stressful life events impair cognitive function, increasing the risk of psychiatric disorders. This protocol illustrates how stress affects cognitive flexibility using an automated operant strategy shifting paradigm in male and female Sprague Dawley rats. Specific brain areas underlying particular behaviors are discussed, and translational relevance of results are explored.
09:37
Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control
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Cited by 5 •
2015
Attention control comprises enhancement of target signals and attenuation of distractor signals. We describe an approach to measure separately but concurrently, the neurophysiology of attending and ignoring in sustained intermodal attention, utilizing a passive control condition during which neither process is continuously engaged.
FAQs
Cue validity creates two complementary comparisons. When the target appears where expected, faster responses indicate an attentional benefit. When it appears elsewhere, slower responses indicate a cost associated with disengaging from the cued location and shifting attention. Comparing these conditions helps separate facilitation from difficulty in reorienting.
Keeping gaze stable allows response differences to be attributed more directly to attention directed toward a location rather than to an eye movement toward that location. This separation is central to studying covert attention. It lets researchers examine how spatial selection and orienting affect behavior even when the eyes do not move.
A neutral cue provides a comparison condition in which the cue does not favor one target location. Responses in this condition help contextualize the faster performance on valid trials and the slower performance on invalid trials. Including it allows researchers to evaluate location-specific attentional benefits and shifting costs against a less directional cueing condition.
Participants receive a cue indicating the likely target position, then respond when the target appears. Trials are classified according to whether the cue correctly predicts the target location, mispredicts it, or remains neutral. Researchers compare reaction times across these valid, invalid, and neutral conditions to quantify attentional benefits and shifting costs.
Its applications extend across studies of perception, brain disorders, development, and attention-related changes. In each area, the pattern of responses across cue conditions can provide a behavioral measure of how efficiently attention is oriented and redirected. This makes the paradigm useful for comparing attentional functioning across populations or across changing cognitive conditions.
Reaction-time differences provide behavioral evidence about several related processes: orienting attention toward a selected location, selecting spatial information, and controlling a shift when the cue is misleading. The paradigm does not treat a single response time as a complete explanation; researchers interpret the pattern across conditions to distinguish attentional facilitation from reorienting difficulty.