Lung Disease
Lung Disease - Related Videos
07:06
A Simple Method of Mouse Lung Intubation
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Cited by 50 •
2013
This paper describes a striaghforward and efficient method of intubating mice for pulmonary function measurements or pulmonary instillation, that allows the mice to recover and be studied at later times. The procedure involves an inexpensive fiberoptic light source that directly illuminates the trachea.
01:47
Lung Capacity
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2019
The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures. There are four defined lung volume measures: tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume. Tidal volume is the amount of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal breath. Inspiratory...
05:47
Generation of Human 3D Lung Tissue Cultures (3D-LTCs) for Disease Modeling
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Cited by 46 •
2019
Here, we present a protocol for the preparation of agarose-filled human precision-cut lung slices from resected patient tissue that are suitable for generating 3D lung tissue cultures to model human lung diseases in biological and biomedical studies.
09:47
Isolation of CD146+ Resident Lung Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Rat Lungs
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Cited by 3 •
2016
This protocol describes an isolation technique for obtaining primary lung resident mesenchymal stromal cells from rats, through the use of enzymatic digestion, density gradient separation, plastic adherence and CD146+ magnetic bead selection.
06:57
Instillation and Fixation Methods Useful in Mouse Lung Cancer Research
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Cited by 48 •
2015
The goal of this paper is to describe simple methods that will greatly aid in the setup and analysis of mouse lungs with lung cancer or other pathologies. We present 3 protocols to simply and reliably carry out lung instillations, fixation, and lung volume measurements.
FAQs
Drug selection depends on which process is disrupting pulmonary function. Bronchodilators address airway smooth-muscle constriction, corticosteroids target persistent inflammation, antimicrobials are directed toward infection, and biologic therapies may address abnormal immune responses. This mechanism-based approach helps distinguish treatments for conditions with different underlying drivers instead of applying one drug strategy to every lung disorder.
Constriction narrows the airways, so relaxing airway smooth muscle can improve the passage of air. Bronchodilators are used to target this mechanism, particularly when airway narrowing contributes to symptoms or impaired function. Evaluating the patient’s response helps determine whether this pharmacological strategy is addressing a major contributor to the individual’s respiratory problem.
These classes act on distinct therapeutic problems. Corticosteroids are suited to persistent inflammation, antimicrobials to infection, and biologic therapies to abnormal immune responses. Their differing targets explain why treatment choice must reflect the disease mechanism under consideration. Comparing these approaches also helps pharmacologists evaluate which intervention offers useful effects while limiting unwanted outcomes.
A mechanism-based workflow begins by identifying the dominant process, such as airway constriction, inflammation, mucus production, infection, or an abnormal immune response. Researchers then consider a relevant drug class, assess effectiveness and adverse effects, and examine patient responses. This sequence connects laboratory pharmacology with treatment decisions and supports more informed evaluation of respiratory therapies.
These conditions can require different pharmacological priorities because their relevant disease mechanisms are not identical. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may involve airway processes, pneumonia involves infection, and pulmonary fibrosis may require attention to mechanisms associated with interstitial disease. Matching drug actions to these contexts helps researchers evaluate whether a treatment is appropriate for the condition being studied.
Pharmacological evaluation considers more than whether a treatment produces a desired response. Researchers examine effectiveness, adverse effects, and variation in patient responses to determine how reliably an intervention performs. These observations inform safer drug development and can reveal why the same therapeutic strategy may not produce identical outcomes across people with respiratory disease.
Studying disease mechanisms allows treatment strategies to be adjusted according to the processes affecting a particular patient. Researchers can use information about therapeutic response and adverse effects to support more individualized approaches. This work is also relevant to preventing lung-function decline, because safer and better-matched therapies may improve long-term management while guiding future drug development.