Functional Localizer
Functional Localizer - Related Videos
13:15
Experimental Approaches to Study Mitochondrial Localization and Function of a Nuclear Cell Cycle Kinase, Cdk1
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Cited by 5 •
2016
Here, we outline how to study mitochondrial localization of a (cell cycle) kinase, and how to determine its sub-mitochondrial location as well as potential mitochondrial substrates/targets. Forced expression of proteins into the mitochondria provides a useful tool for studying the functional consequences of mitochondrial localization of a protein of interest.
10:04
Local Application of Drugs to Study Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Function in Mouse Brain Slices
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Cited by 23 •
2012
In this paper, we describe a useful method to study ligand-gated ion channel function in neurons of acutely isolated brain slices. This method involves the use of a drug-filled micropipette for local application of drugs to neurons recorded using standard patch clamp techniques.
13:13
Nano-fEM: Protein Localization Using Photo-activated Localization Microscopy and Electron Microscopy
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Cited by 14 •
2012
We describe a method to localize fluorescently tagged proteins in electron micrographs. Fluorescence is first localized using photo-activated localization microscopy on ultrathin sections. These images are then aligned to electron micrographs of the same section.
09:30
Localizing Function-specific Targets for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Absence of Navigation Equipment
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Cited by 1 •
2025
This paper describes how to localize function-specific targets for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation interventions or treatments when navigation equipment is unavailable.
08:07
Identification of Plasmodesmal Localization Sequences in Proteins In Planta
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Cited by 6 •
2017
Plant intercellular connections, the plasmodesmata (Pd), play central roles in plant physiology and plant-virus interactions. Critical to Pd transport are sorting signals that direct proteins to Pd. However, our knowledge about these sequences is still in its infancy. We describe a strategy to identify Pd localization signals in Pd-targeted proteins.
FAQs
It uses a comparison between a condition intended to engage the target process and a control condition. The contrast highlights blood-oxygen-level-dependent signals associated more specifically with the cognitive, perceptual, or motor function of interest, rather than treating every signal change during the task as evidence for that function.
Individualized regions of interest account for where a participant’s functionally responsive area appears in that person’s brain. This improves measurement precision compared with relying only on a general anatomical expectation. Researchers can then examine responses within the identified region during later experiments, supporting more targeted links between behavior and neural activity.
Blood-oxygen-level-dependent signals provide the neuroimaging measure used to compare target and control conditions. Differences in these signals indicate which brain regions respond selectively during the designed activity. In psychology, this measure helps connect observed task performance with neural activity related to attention, memory, language, perception, or motor processing.
Researchers first select an activity intended to engage a particular cognitive, perceptual, or motor process. Participants perform that activity alongside a control condition, and neuroimaging data are collected for both. The resulting blood-oxygen-level-dependent signals are compared to identify responsive regions, which can serve as individualized regions of interest in a later experiment.
The activity should be designed to engage the specific process that the study aims to measure, while the control condition provides a comparison for interpreting the signal. This pairing determines which responses appear selective for the target function. A well-matched design therefore supports clearer identification of regions relevant to the intended psychological process.
It is useful when researchers want to study a particular function with greater measurement precision across participants. Applications include investigations of attention, memory, language, and perception, as well as motor functions. After the responsive regions are identified, later experiments can test how those regions respond under different psychological conditions.