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HIGH SCHOOL

Biology

Concept Videos

Microbiology

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Microbial Metabolism

Microbes Use Proteins for Energy

Description

Microbes can use proteins as a carbon and energy source, especially when polysaccharides or lipids are scarce. But proteins are too large to pass through the plasma membrane on their own. To solve this, microbes secrete extracellular proteases and peptidases that break proteins into peptides. The peptides are then transporte...

Transcript

微生物分泌胞外蛋白酶,将蛋白质分解为可穿过细胞膜的肽段。

细胞内蛋白酶将吸收的肽段分解为氨基酸,这些氨基酸通过脱氨或转氨作用进行分解代谢。

脱氨作用将氨基酸中的氨基去除,生成有机酸和铵离子。

转氨基作用将一个氨基转移至一种酮酸,生成一种新的氨基酸和一种有机酸。

脱氨作用释放的铵离子以废物形式排出,以维持细胞内的氮平衡并防止毒性积累。

生成的有机酸会转化为丙酮酸、乙酰辅酶A或三羧酸循环的中间产物。

它们可进入 Krebs 循环被氧化以产生能量,或通过发酵生成代谢中间产物。

梭菌属(Clostridium)物种通过斯蒂基兰德反应(Stickland reaction)发酵氨基酸,该过程通过氨基...