Kidney Excretion
Kidney Excretion - Related Videos
08:19
The Mouse Isolated Perfused Kidney Technique
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Cited by 24 •
2016
The mouse isolated perfused kidney (MIPK) is a technique for keeping a mouse kidney under ex vivo conditions perfused and functional for 1 hr. The buffers and surgical technique are described in detail.
10:42
Normothermic Machine Perfusion of Rat Kidneys for Transplantation
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2026
This protocol describes the ex vivo normothermic machine perfusion of a rat kidney for subsequent transplantation into a recipient rat.
02:12
What Are Osmoregulation and Excretion?
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2025
Organisms must keep bodily fluids at a constant temperature and pH while maintaining specific solute concentrations in order to support life functions. Osmoregulation is the process that balances solute and water levels. Osmosis is the tendency of water to move from solutions with lower ion concentrations, or osmolarities, to those with higher ion concentrations. Osmosis occurs in response to differences in the molecular concentrations of solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane.
01:45
Kidney Structure
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2019
The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries. The renal cortex is the thick outer layer of the kidney. It...
01:15
Renal Drug Excretion: Overview
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2025
As primary excretory organs, the kidneys maintain homeostasis by removing waste substances from the bloodstream. They comprise over a million units called nephrons, which serve as the kidney's functional units. A nephron consists of two primary structures: the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule. The renal corpuscle contains the glomerulus, a network of capillaries where the first step of renal excretion, glomerular filtration, occurs. Blood pressure forces water, ions, and small molecules out...
FAQs
These three nephron processes shape the final composition of urine in sequence. Glomerular filtration first produces fluid from blood plasma, tubular reabsorption returns needed water and solutes to the circulation, and tubular secretion adds selected substances to the filtrate. Their combined activity determines which materials remain for elimination and which are conserved to support internal chemical balance.
Tubular reabsorption prevents needed water and solutes from being lost with the filtered fluid. By returning these materials to the circulation, the nephron modifies the initial filtrate before it becomes urine. This step is therefore central to regulating the body’s internal chemical conditions, rather than simply allowing all filtered substances to pass out of the body.
Altered excretion can reflect several different physiological or clinical conditions, including dehydration, impaired filtration, medication effects, or kidney disease. Because excretion reflects how the kidneys process blood-derived fluid and produce urine, changes provide useful evidence about renal function. Clinicians interpret these findings alongside urine analysis, blood tests, and glomerular filtration measurements.
Clinical assessment combines urine analysis, blood tests, and measurements of glomerular filtration. Urine analysis examines the resulting excretory output, while blood tests provide information related to the substances handled by the kidneys. Glomerular filtration measurements evaluate the filtration component directly. Together, these approaches provide complementary evidence rather than relying on a single test.
Glomerular filtration measurements focus on the initial step by which fluid is produced from blood plasma within the nephron. They therefore help evaluate how effectively the kidneys perform filtration, a central component of excretion. When interpreted with urine and blood findings, these measurements can support recognition of impaired renal function and inform clinical decisions.
Kidney excretion becomes especially relevant when test findings suggest dehydration, impaired filtration, medication effects, or kidney disease. Urine analysis, blood tests, and glomerular filtration measurements help characterize these changes and assess renal function. The resulting information can support diagnosis and guide treatment decisions by linking observed clinical findings with altered kidney handling of waste, water, or electrolytes.