Macula
Macula - Related Videos
06:54
Dissection of Human Retina and RPE-Choroid for Proteomic Analysis
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Cited by 7 •
2017
The human retina is composed of functionally and molecularly distinct regions, including the fovea, macula, and peripheral retina. Here, we describe a method using punch biopsies and manual removal of tissue layers from a human eye to dissect and collect these distinct retinal regions for downstream proteomic analysis.
07:44
Ophthalmoscopic Examination
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2023
Source: Richard Glickman-Simon, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, MA The simplest ophthalmoscopes consist of an aperture to look through, a diopter indicator, and a disc for selecting lenses. The ophthalmoscope is primarily used to examine the fundus, or the inner wall of the posterior eye, which consists of the choroid, retina, fovea, macula, optic disc, and retinal vessels (Figure 1). The spherical eyeball...
12:07
Physiological Preparation of Hair Cells from the Sacculus of the American Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana)
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Cited by 8 •
2017
The American bullfrog's (Rana catesbeiana) sacculus permits direct examination of hair-cell physiology. Here the dissection and preparation of the bullfrog's sacculus for biophysical studies is described. We show representative experiments from these hair cells, including the calculation of a bundle's force-displacement relation and measurement of its unforced motion.
07:22
Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence for the Evaluation of Retinal Diseases
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Cited by 22 •
2016
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) supports the sensory retina through recycling visual cycle byproducts, which accumulate as lipofuscin. These products are autofluorescent and can be qualitatively imaged in vivo. Here, we describe a method to quantitatively image RPE lipofuscin using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.
10:22
Enrichment of Bruch's Membrane from Human Donor Eyes
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Cited by 14 •
2015
Identifying proteins specifically associated with Bruch’s membrane in human eyes is an important step in understanding the biochemical mechanisms behind eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration. This protocol describes how to enrich this sheet of extracellular matrix for down-stream biochemical analysis.
FAQs
The fovea’s cone-rich organization supports two clinically important functions at once: resolving fine detail and distinguishing color. Focused light is converted into neural signals, which pass through retinal circuits and the optic nerve before reaching the brain. This pathway explains why macular abnormalities can affect visually demanding central tasks.
Central vision depends on coordinated activity rather than on the macula alone. The fovea receives focused light, retinal circuits process the resulting signals, and the optic nerve carries them onward to the brain. Clinically, this sequence connects a localized retinal examination with the visual functions reported by the patient.
Macular disorders are clinically important because they can interfere with tasks that require precise sight, including reading and facial recognition. The source examples include age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, and macular holes. Their inclusion in macular assessment reflects the need to detect and monitor conditions that may threaten vision.
Fundus imaging, optical coherence tomography, and visual-function testing are the principal approaches identified for macular examination. Using these modalities in clinical practice helps clinicians evaluate the macula, detect disorders such as age-related macular degeneration or diabetic macular edema, and monitor changes relevant to vision-threatening disease.
Macular examination informs more than detection alone. Results can contribute to diagnosis, help clinicians monitor a disorder over time, guide treatment planning, and support assessment of vision-threatening disease. This makes the evaluation useful across the clinical pathway, from recognizing a problem to judging its ongoing significance for visual function.
Visual-function testing adds an outcome-oriented component to macular evaluation. The macula supports reading, facial recognition, and other precise visual tasks, while imaging-based examinations assess the retinal region itself. Considering these forms of information together helps relate observed macular disease to its practical effect and supports diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment planning.