Motor Mapping
Motor Mapping - Related Videos
11:03
Motor Maps
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2023
Source: Laboratories of Jonas T. Kaplan and Sarah I. Gimbel—University of Southern California One principle of brain organization is the topographic mapping of information. Especially in sensory and motor cortices, adjacent regions of the brain tend to represent information from adjacent parts of the body, resulting in maps of the body expressed on the surface of the brain. The primary sensory and motor maps in the brain surround a prominent sulcus known as the central sulcus. The cortex...
10:27
A Standardized Protocol for Functional Motor Mapping Using Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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2026
Here, we describe a standardized protocol for motor mapping using nTMS combined with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based reconstruction of the corticospinal tract (CST). The protocol is reproducible, clinically feasible, and readily integrable into routine clinical workflows, providing a robust and valuable framework for motor pathway assessment, neuroplasticity research, and rehabilitation planning.
08:26
Non-Invasive Modulation and Robotic Mapping of Motor Cortex in the Developing Brain
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Cited by 13 •
2019
We demonstrate protocols for the modulation (tDCS, HD-tDCS) and mapping (robotic TMS) of the motor cortex in children.
03:31
Intramuscular Injections Along the Motor End Plates to Shuttle Tracers Directly into Rat Motor Neurons
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2025
Source: Mohan, R., et al. Intramuscular Injections Along the Motor End Plates: A Minimally Invasive Approach to Shuttle Tracers Directly into Motor Neurons. J. Vis. Exp. (2015)This video demonstrates the targeted delivery of a fluorescent neuronal tracer into motor neurons via intramuscular injection at the motor end plates (MEPs). It outlines the steps involved in preparing the rat, injecting the tracer, and assessing labeled motor neurons for neurotherapeutic potential.
08:45
An Introduction to Motor Control
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2023
Motor control involves integration and processing of sensory information by our nervous system, followed by a response through our skeletal system to perform a voluntary or involuntary action. It is vital to understand how our neuroskeletal system controls motor behavior in order to evaluate injuries pertaining to general movement, reflexes, and coordination. An improved understanding of motor control will help behavioral neuroscientists in developing useful tools to treat motor disorders, such...
FAQs
These methods provide complementary evidence. Functional magnetic resonance imaging links a movement with localized changes in brain activity, EEG records neural activity associated with movement, and direct cortical stimulation tests what happens when a site is activated or disrupted. Comparing these outputs helps distinguish observed motor organization from a site’s demonstrated functional contribution.
Direct cortical stimulation is especially useful for testing causality rather than simple association. If activating or disrupting a cortical site changes a movement, the response supplies functional evidence about that site’s role. This makes stimulation different from methods that only show correlated activity, and it is particularly relevant when researchers need to identify motor tissue that should be preserved.
Motor mapping can separate stages of movement-related processing by examining signals associated with planning and with execution. This distinction matters because voluntary movement includes both preparatory processes and performed actions. Comparing these patterns supports investigations of how the nervous system organizes movement and how neural pathways contribute to different phases of motor behavior.
Brain injury and recovery can change the functional organization observed during mapping. Comparing mapping findings gives researchers a way to study neural plasticity, meaning changes in how the nervous system supports movement, and to assess whether rehabilitation is associated with altered motor-related activity. The resulting information can connect biological reorganization with functional recovery.
An investigation typically begins by selecting a voluntary movement and then applying one or more mapping approaches, such as fMRI, EEG, or direct cortical stimulation. Researchers relate the recorded activity or stimulation response to that movement, then interpret the pattern in relation to motor planning, execution, or pathway organization. The selected method determines the kind of evidence available.
During neurosurgical decision-making, Motor Mapping helps locate essential motor areas that should be protected. The goal is not simply to identify active regions, but to distinguish functionally important sites associated with voluntary movement. By linking cortical location with movement-related function, the technique provides information that can support choices intended to preserve motor function.
Outside surgical settings, mapping provides outcome measures for rehabilitation and brain-computer interface research. Rehabilitation studies can use motor-related activity to evaluate changes associated with recovery, while brain-computer interface strategies can use the relationship between neural signals and movement as a design basis. In both cases, mapping connects nervous-system activity with efforts to restore or support voluntary movement.