Thoracic Disc Herniation
Thoracic Disc Herniation - Related Videos
02:51
Full-Endoscopic Isolation Zone Technique for the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation
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2025
Source: Wang, L., et.al. Full-Endoscopic Isolation Zone Technique for the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation. J. Vis. Exp.(2023)This video demonstrates a minimally invasive endoscopic procedure to treat lumbar disc herniation by removing the protruded nucleus pulposus and ruptured annulus fibrosus. The technique decompresses the affected nerve root, alleviates pain, and restores nerve function through targeted tissue resection and radiofrequency modulation.
06:57
Transaxillary First Rib Resection for Treatment of the Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
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Cited by 3 •
2020
Here, we present a protocol of the transaxillary resection of the first rib for treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome caused by compression of the brachial plexus, subclavian vein and artery.
01:15
Thoracic Aorta
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2024
The thoracic section of the aorta begins at the T5 vertebra and extends to the T12 level at the diaphragm, initially progressing through the mediastinum to the left of the spinal column. Throughout its course in the thoracic segment, the thoracic aorta emits various offshoots known collectively as visceral and parietal branches. The branches that predominantly supply blood to visceral organs are termed visceral branches and include bronchial, pericardial, esophageal, and mediastinal arteries,...
14:33
Generation, Purification, and Characterization of Cell-invasive DISC1 Protein Species
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Cited by 13 •
2012
The generation, purification and cell invasion of intracellular, cytoplasmic full length DISC1 protein aggresomes from cell cultures and of a labeled, multimeric recombinant DISC1 protein fragment in E. coli are described. Cell invasiveness is shown for recipient cells in cell culture and for neurons in vivo after stereotactical brain inoculation.
01:17
The Thoracic Cage: Sternum
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2023
The thoracic or rib cage forms the body's thorax (chest) portion. Its primary function in the body is to protect vital organs in the thoracic cavity, such as the heart and the lungs. It consists of 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12). The sternum is the elongated bony structure on the anterior side of the thoracic cage. It consists of three parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process.
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Degenerative change, injury, and repeated mechanical stress can reduce the annulus’s ability to contain the nucleus pulposus. Once that outer layer is weakened, the inner material may bulge or extrude rather than remain centered within the disc. The resulting change in disc shape creates the conditions for contact with nearby neural structures and helps explain variable neurological symptoms.
Neurological problems arise when displaced disc material compresses the spinal cord or an exiting nerve root. Compression can disrupt signaling along pathways involved in sensation and movement, producing pain, altered sensation, weakness, or walking problems. From a neuroscience perspective, the disorder links a localized mechanical change in the spine with impaired communication through neural pathways.
Three contributors identified in this condition are degenerative changes, injury, and repeated mechanical stress. These influences can weaken the disc’s annulus and make displacement of the nucleus pulposus more likely. Considering the contributing process is useful because it connects the structural abnormality seen in the disc with the mechanical forces that preceded neural compression.
The affected neural structure helps shape the clinical picture. Spinal cord involvement can affect broader functions such as motor control and walking, while contact with an exiting nerve root can produce pain or sensory changes along the involved neural pathway. This distinction makes the neurological examination important for relating symptoms to the location and effect of compression.
Evaluation commonly combines a neurological examination with magnetic resonance imaging. The examination assesses findings such as pain, sensory changes, weakness, and problems with walking, while imaging shows the disc and its relationship to nearby neural tissue. Using both sources allows clinicians to compare functional impairment with structural findings when considering observation, pain management, or decompression.
Magnetic resonance imaging helps identify the structural abnormality and whether nearby neural tissue may be affected. Its findings are interpreted alongside the neurological examination rather than used in isolation. This combined assessment can support a plan that ranges from observation and pain management to surgical decompression when neurological deficits are severe.
Surgical decompression may be considered when neurological deficits are severe and the compressed neural tissue requires more direct relief. The decision follows clinical evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging, which help relate symptoms to the disc abnormality. In less severe situations, the described management options include observation or pain management rather than immediate surgery.
This disorder provides a clinical model for studying how mechanical compression changes neural signaling and motor control. Researchers can relate disc and neural-tissue findings on magnetic resonance imaging to observed pain, sensory changes, weakness, and walking problems. That connection helps neuroscience examine how structural disruption in the spine becomes a measurable change in nervous-system function.