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JoVE Journal
Immunology and Infection
中和流感病毒单克隆抗体逃逸变种的产生
中和流感病毒单克隆抗体逃逸变种的产生
JoVE Journal
Immunology and Infection
This content is Free Access.
JoVE Journal Immunology and Infection
Generation of Escape Variants of Neutralizing Influenza Virus Monoclonal Antibodies

中和流感病毒单克隆抗体逃逸变种的产生

Full Text
12,289 Views
07:55 min
August 29, 2017

DOI: 10.3791/56067-v

Paul E. Leon1,2, Teddy John Wohlbold1,2, Wenqian He1,2, Mark J. Bailey1,2, Carole J. Henry3, Patrick C. Wilson3, Florian Krammer1, Gene S. Tan1

1Department of Microbiology,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 2Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 3The Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research,The University of Chicago

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This article presents a method for identifying critical residues necessary for the binding of monoclonal antibodies targeting the hemagglutinin of influenza A viruses. The protocol is adaptable for other viral glycoproteins and their neutralizing antibodies.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background

  • Understanding antibody-viral interactions is crucial for vaccine development.
  • Neutralizing antibodies play a significant role in the immune response to viruses.
  • Characterization of antibody binding can inform therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of Study

  • To elucidate the epitope of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.
  • To define host-virus interactions that can aid in vaccine design.
  • To develop a protocol that can be performed with basic laboratory techniques.

Methods Used

  • Characterization of antibodies through hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays.
  • Preparation of virus stocks and antibody dilutions for testing.
  • Incubation of samples in embryonated chicken eggs to assess viral growth.
  • Isolation and analysis of escape variants from neutralizing antibodies.

Main Results

  • Identification of critical amino acid residues for antibody binding.
  • Mapping of escape mutants that reveal antibody recognition patterns.
  • Demonstration of the method's applicability to other pathogens.

Conclusions

  • This technique can elucidate binding epitopes of monoclonal antibodies.
  • It has potential applications in understanding viral resistance mechanisms.
  • Future studies can expand this method to other antiviral compounds.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the main goal of this method?
The main goal is to elucidate the epitope of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.
What are the advantages of this technique?
It can be performed using basic tissue culture and molecular biology techniques.
How are escape variants generated?
By passaging the virus in the presence of increasing amounts of antibody.
What role do neutralizing antibodies play?
They are crucial for the immune response against viral infections.
Can this method be applied to other viruses?
Yes, it can be adapted for other viral surface glycoproteins.
What safety precautions should be taken?
Appropriate personal protective equipment should be used when working with viruses.

我们描述一种方法, 我们确定的关键残留物所需的结合的人或小鼠单克隆抗体的目标病毒血甲型流感病毒。该协议可以适应其他病毒表面糖蛋白及其相应的中和抗体。

该方法的总体目标是提供有关如何阐明中和单克隆抗体表位的工作方案。这种方法可以帮助回答免疫学和病毒学领域的关键问题,这些问题可以帮助确定宿主病毒的相互作用,开发治疗方法和诊断工具,所有这些都可以帮助设计疫苗。该技术的主要优点是可以使用基本的组织培养和分子生物学技术进行,而无需特殊的仪器或设备。

演示该程序的是 Peter Palese 实验室的医学博士、博士生 Mark Bailey。按照文本方案中的描述,从基于血凝抑制或 HI 和中和活性的抗体表征开始此过程。进一步分析具有 HI 活性的中和抗体,首先在一倍 PBS 中制备四种目标抗体稀释液,以增加浓度,每次稀释液的体积为 100 μL。

接下来,在 400 微升体积的 1 倍 PBS 中制备每毫升 100 万个噬菌斑形成单位的病毒原液。然后,将每毫升病毒 100 万个噬菌斑形成单位的 100 微升与 100 微升每种抗体稀释液或 100 微升 1 倍 PBS 混合。将样品在 37 摄氏度的培养箱中用 5% 二氧化碳孵育 1 小时。

短暂涡旋后,将 200 微升每种混合物注入无特定病原体的胚胎鸡蛋中。然后,将鸡蛋在 37 摄氏度下孵育 40 至 44 小时,不含二氧化碳。孵化后,将病毒感染的胚胎蛋置于 4 摄氏度至少 6 小时,以牺牲它们。

接下来,如前所述从鸡蛋中收集尿囊液。最后,按照文本方案中的说明执行 HI 测定来确认逃逸变体。为了针对缺乏 HI 活性的中和抗体产生逃逸变体,必须在越来越多的抗体存在下传代病毒。

将 MDCK 细胞以每孔 100 万个细胞的密度接种在六孔板中。将细胞在 37 摄氏度和 5% 二氧化碳的培养箱中孵育至少 4 小时。同时,将病毒原液稀释至每毫升 100 万个噬菌斑形成单位。

用 250 μL 体积的 TPCK 处理胰蛋白酶,以 0.02 mL/mL 的浓度在 1 次 MEM 中制备单一稀释的抗体。对以下所有传代使用更高的抗体浓度。将 250 μL 稀释的病毒与 250 μL 稀释的抗体或 250 μL 的 1 倍 MEM 混合,作为无抗体对照。

将病毒抗体混合物在 37 摄氏度的培养箱中用 5% 二氧化碳孵育 30 分钟。细胞孵育后,使用玻璃巴斯德移液管吸出培养基,并用一毫升一倍 PBS 洗涤单层细胞。将 500 微升混合物加入孔中,然后在 37 摄氏度的培养箱中与 5% 二氧化碳一起孵育 1 小时。

一小时后,用 2 毫升 1 倍 MEM 和 TPCK 处理的胰蛋白酶补充孔。感染后 48 小时在显微镜下检查细胞是否有细胞病变效应或 CPE 的迹象,或进行血凝试验以检测病毒生长。如果补充有抗体的培养物中存在生长 CPE,请在多个冻存管中收获上清液。

用通道编号标记试管,并将其储存在零下 80 摄氏度。保存 100 微升上清液,用 2 毫升补充有 TPCK 胰蛋白酶和抗体的一次性 MEM 感染新鲜的单层 MDCK。请记住,每次传代都要包括一个无抗体对照。

在每次连续传代中增加抗体的浓度,直到病毒生长仍然有效,即使抗体的最终浓度为 0.6 毫克/毫升。冷冻每个通道的多个小瓶上清液,并在零下 80 摄氏度下储存。继续进行文本协议中详述的转义变体的分离和分析。

从接种候选 H7N9 甲型流感疫苗的个体中分离的疫苗诱导抗体用于产生逃逸突变变体。逃逸突变体作图显示,许多抗体识别了病毒 HA 上不同位置的关键残基。每个残基(以红色表示)代表有效结合单克隆抗体所需的关键氨基酸的位置,而大多数 HI 阳性抗体已经逃逸了先前报道的 H7HA 抗原位点附近的突变残基。HI 阴性抗体产生在储备区具有点突变的逃逸突变体。

一旦掌握,该技术可用于阐明保护其他病原体的结构决定因素。该技术不仅限于生成单克隆抗体的逃逸变体,还针对抗病毒化合物。看完这个视频后,您应该对如何通过在体外生成逃逸变异来阐明单克隆抗体的结合表位有了很好的了解。

在尝试此过程时,请务必记住在处理病毒时要小心并使用适当的个人防护设备。

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