Name: arm muscles and their movements
Uploaded: 2024-03-28T14:28:28.000Z
Duration: 1 min 31 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Florida Department of Education

High School

Life Science

SC.912.L.14

SC.912.L.14.20

Muscles that Move the Arm

Die Armmuskulatur wird in axiale und schulterblattartige Muskeln eingeteilt.
Die beiden axialen Muskeln sind der Musculus pectoralis major und der Latissimus dorsi.
Der Pectoralis major hat claviculare und sternokostale Köpfe für die Armbeugung bzw. -streckung. Der Latissimus dorsi streckt den Arm aus. Sowohl der Pectoralis major als auch der Latissimus dorsi adduktieren den Arm und drehen ihn medial.
Es gibt sieben Schulterblattmuskeln. 
Der Teres major und der Latissimus dorsi verursachen eine Armstreckung, Adduktion und mediale Rotation.
Die Deltamuskeln bedecken und formen die Schulter und ermöglichen die Abduktion der Arme, die Beugung, die Streckung sowie die mediale und laterale Rotation.
Der Supraspinatus an der oberen Schulterblattregion unterstützt den Deltamuskel bei der Armabduktion.
Der Infraspinatus am hinteren Schulterblatt bewirkt eine seitliche Armrotation.
 Der Teres minor verursacht zusammen mit dem Infraspinatus die Streckung und die laterale Armrotation.
Die Subscapularis, die sich an der vorderen Oberfläche des Schulterblatts befindet, bewirkt eine mediale Armrotation.
Der Supraspinatus, der Infraspinatus, der Teres minor und der Subscapularis bilden zusammen mit den entsprechenden Sehnen die Rotatorenmanschette.
Der Coracobrachialis, ein verlängerter Armmuskel, hilft bei der Armbeugung und -adduktion.

muskeln, die den arm bewegen

An der Armbewegung sind neun Muskeln beteiligt. Zwei davon, der große Brustmuskel (Pectoralis major) und der große Rückenmuskel (Latissimus dorsi), haben ihren Ursprung am Achsenskelett und werden als Axialmuskeln bezeichnet. Die anderen sieben entspringen dem Schulterblatt und werden Schulterblattmuskeln genannt. 

Der große Brustmuskel hat zwei Ursprünge. Sein Schlüsselbeinkopf entspringt an der medialen Hälfte des Schlüsselbeins. Im Gegensatz dazu entspringt der Sternokostalkopf an den Rippenknorpeln der Rippen 1–6, am Brustbein und an der Aponeurose des äußeren schrägen Teils der vorderen Bauchwand. Diese beiden Köpfe gehen ineinander über und setzen am Sulcus intertubercularis des Humerus ein. Der Schlüsselbeinkopf beugt den Humerus und der Sternokostalkopf streckt einen gebeugten Arm zurück in die anatomische Position. Im Zusammenspiel der Köpfe wird der Oberarmknochen adduziert und medial rotiert.

Der Latissimus dorsi entspringt den Dornfortsätzen der Brustwirbel T7 bis T12, den Kämmen des Kreuzbeins und des Darmbeins sowie den Rippen 9 bis 12. Er setzt anterior am Sulcus intertubercularis des Humerus an. Zusammen mit dem Musculus scapularis teres major streckt er den Humerus, adduziert ihn und dreht ihn nach medial. Der Ursprung des Musculus scapularis, Teres Major, liegt am unteren Winkel des Schulterblatts. Es setzt an der medialen Lippe seines Sulcus intertubercularis in den Humerus an. Seine Wirkungsweise ist die gleiche wie die des Latissimus dorsi. 

Der Deltamusculus ist der oberflächlichste Muskel des Schultergelenks und ist für dessen abgerundete Form verantwortlich. Seine vorderen Fasern entspringen an der Seite des Schlüsselbeins - die seitlichen Fasern entspringen am Schulterdach des Schulterblatts und die hinteren Fasern am Schulterblattdorn. Alle Köpfe vereinigen sich und setzen am Tuberculum deltae des Oberarmknochens an. Während die seitlichen Fasern den Arm abduzieren, beugen und drehen die vorderen Fasern den Arm medial, und die hinteren Fasern strecken und drehen ihn seitlich.

Die Schulterblattmuskeln – Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis – und ihre entsprechenden Sehnen bilden zusammen die Rotatorenmanschette. Der Ursprung des Musculus supraspinatus liegt in der Fossa supraspinata des Schulterblatts. Umgekehrt entspringt der Musculus infraspinatus aus seiner Fossa infraspinata. Beide Muskeln werden am Tuberculum majus des Humerus eingesetzt und unterstützen die Armabduktion bzw. die seitliche Rotation.

Ein weiterer Muskel, der Teres Minor, setzt ebenfalls am Tuberculum majus des Humerus an, entspringt jedoch im unteren Winkel des Schulterblatts. Zusammen mit dem Musculus infraspinatus sorgt er für eine seitliche Drehung und Streckung des Arms. Der Ursprung des Musculus subscapularis liegt in der Fossa subscapularis des Schulterblatts. Es wird am Tuberculum minus des Humerus eingesetzt und unterstützt die mediale Rotation des Arms. Der letzte an der Armbewegung beteiligte Schulterblattmuskel ist der Coracobrachialis. Der Ursprung dieses Muskels liegt am Processus coracoideus des Schulterblatts, der Ansatz befindet sich an der mittleren Fläche des medialen Oberarmschaftes. Er hilft bei der Beugung und Adduktion des Arms.

Die Muskeln der Rotatorenmanschette sind besonders bei sportlich aktiven Menschen anfällig für Verletzungen. Aufgrund seiner Lage zwischen Oberarmkopf und Schulterdach ist der Musculus supraspinatus besonders anfällig für Überlastungen und degenerative Veränderungen.

Muskeln, die den Arm bewegen

Die Armmuskulatur wird in axiale und schulterblattartige Muskeln eingeteilt.
Die beiden axialen Muskeln sind der Musculus pectoralis major und der Latissimus dorsi.
Der Pectoralis major hat ...

Education

Lehre

JoVE Core

Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomie und Physiologie

Unit 1

Einheit 1

The Muscular System

Das Muskelsystem

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

ZENTRALE BEGRIFFE UND KONZEPTE

arm muscles and their movements

Arm muscles move the humerus through flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. Nine muscles help produce these arm movements. Two of them, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, come from the axial skeleton. The other seven begin on the scapula and are called scapular muscles.

The pectoralis major has two origins, or heads. Its clavicular head starts on the medial half of the clavicle. Its sternocostal head starts on the costal cartilages of ribs 1 through 6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the anterior abdominal wall. Both heads join and insert on the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus. The clavicular head flexes the humerus. The sternocostal head brings a flexed arm back to anatomical position. Working together, the heads adduct and medially rotate the humerus.

The latissimus dorsi starts on the spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae T7 to T12, the crests of the sacrum and ilium, and ribs 9 to 12. It inserts on the front of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus. The teres major works with it. Teres major begins at the inferior angle of the scapula and inserts on the medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus. These two muscles extend, adduct, and medially rotate the humerus.

The deltoid is the most superficial muscle of the shoulder joint, and it gives the shoulder its rounded shape. Its anterior fibers begin on the lateral part of the clavicle. Its lateral fibers begin on the acromion of the scapula, and its posterior fibers begin on the spine of the scapula. All three parts merge and insert on the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus. The lateral fibers abduct the arm. The anterior fibers flex and medially rotate it. The posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate it.

The scapular muscles also include the rotator cuff. The rotator cuff is made of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis, and their tendons. Supraspinatus starts in the supraspinous fossa of the scapula and inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus. It helps with arm abduction. Infraspinatus starts in the infraspinous fossa and also inserts on the greater tubercle. It helps with lateral rotation. Teres minor starts at the inferior angle of the scapula and inserts on the greater tubercle. It laterally rotates and extends the arm. Subscapularis starts in the subscapular fossa, inserts on the lesser tubercle of the humerus, and helps medially rotate the arm.

The last scapular muscle involved in arm movement is the coracobrachialis. It starts at the coracoid process of the scapula and inserts on the middle surface of the medial shaft of the humerus. It helps flex and adduct the arm. The rotator cuff muscles are often injured, especially in people who play sports. The supraspinatus is especially vulnerable because it sits between the head of the humerus and the acromion of the scapula, where strain and degenerative change can occur.

Arm Muscles and Their Movements

the muscular system

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movement

The muscular system helps the body move, stay stable, and carry out internal work. It includes three kinds of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. Each type has a different role in the body. Skeletal muscles are under conscious control, so people can move them on purpose. They attach to bones by tendons, and their contraction and relaxation make actions like walking and lifting possible. These muscles also produce heat during physical activity, which helps maintain body...

fascicle arrangement in skeletal muscles

How Muscle Fiber Layout Shapes Movement

Skeletal muscle fascicles are bundles of muscle fibers, and their layout helps determine how a muscle moves. The way these fascicles are arranged affects both power and range of motion. Different arrangements give muscles different mechanical strengths. Parallel muscles have fascicles that run parallel to the long axis of the muscle. Common examples are the biceps brachii and the rectus abdominis. When these muscles contract, they shorten and become wider. They can shorten by about 30% of...

muscle coordination and action

Muscles That Work Together in Movement

Muscles work together to create smooth, purposeful movement. Actions such as flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation depend on this coordination. The body uses several muscles in a controlled way so joints and bones move as needed. Four functional roles help describe how muscles act during movement: agonist, antagonist, synergist, and fixator. An agonist, also called the prime mover, is the main muscle that produces a specific motion. During a bicep curl, the biceps brachii is...

naming skeletal muscles

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axial and appendicular muscles

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Skeletal muscles support movement and body structure. They are grouped into axial muscles and appendicular muscles based on where they are found and what they do. Axial muscles lie along the body’s midline. They connect with the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum. These muscles help with facial expressions, head and neck movement, speaking, and eating. They also help control movement of the vertebral column with the back muscles. The trunk also contains...

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Anterior Neck Muscles by Region

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The abdominal wall muscles support the abdominal cavity and help protect the internal organs. This flexible wall is bordered by the xiphoid process and costal margins at the top, the vertebral column at the back, and the pelvic bones and inguinal ligament at the bottom. It is divided into the anterolateral region and the posterior region. The anterolateral region includes five paired muscles in two groups. The lateral group contains the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus...

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Shoulder girdle muscles stabilize the clavicle and scapula, and that support helps the humerus move efficiently. Scapular movement also works with humerus movement and extends the arm’s range of motion. Raising the arm overhead depends on upward rotation of the scapula. The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and pectoralis minor. The serratus anterior, often called the boxer’s muscle, starts on the first to eighth or ninth ribs and inserts along the superior...

muscles that move the arm

Arm muscles move the humerus through flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. Nine muscles help produce these arm movements. Two of them, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, come from the axial skeleton. The other seven begin on the scapula and are called scapular muscles. The pectoralis major has two origins, or heads. Its clavicular head starts on the medial half of the clavicle. Its sternocostal head starts on the costal cartilages of ribs 1 through 6, the sternum, and...

muscles that move the forearm

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muscles of the forearm that move the hand and fingers

muscles-of-the-forearm-that-move-the-hand-and-fingers

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muscles that move the thigh

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muscles that move the leg

Thigh Muscles Behind Leg Motion

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muscles of the leg that move the foot and toes

muscles-of-the-leg-that-move-the-foot-and-toes

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key terms and concepts

Learn how the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, deltoid, rotator cuff, and coracobrachialis move the arm, with their key origins, insertions, and actions.

Arm Muscles and Their Movements | JoVE K12

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Arm Muscles and Their Movements

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