Name: shoulder girdle muscles and scapula motion
Uploaded: 2024-03-28T14:28:28.000Z
Duration: 1 min 23 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Florida Department of Education

High School

Life Science

SC.912.L.14

SC.912.L.14.20

Muscles of the Shoulder

The shoulder muscles provide stability and mobility to the shoulder joint.
The anterior shoulder muscles include the subclavius, pectoralis minor, and serratus anterior.
The subclavius, a small muscle extending from the first rib to the clavicle, stabilizes the clavicle during shoulder movements.
The pectoralis minor, a flat muscle under the pectoralis major, tilts the scapula anteriorly and pulls it inferiorly. It also elevates the thorax, aiding in respiration.
The serratus anterior, a fan-shaped muscle on the thorax&#39;s lateral side, protracts the scapula, aiding in punching movements.
The posterior shoulder muscles include the trapezius, levator scapulae, and rhomboid major and minor.
The trapezius, a large triangular muscle, covers the back and neck, inserting on the clavicle and scapula. It elevates, retracts, and rotates the scapula, elevates the clavicle, and extends the neck.
The levator scapulae, an elongated muscle located in the posterior neck, contributes to the elevation and adduction of the scapula.
The major and minor rhomboid muscles help retract the scapula and rotate it medially.

muscles of the shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and pectoralis minor. The serratus anterior, often known as the boxer&#8217;s muscle, starts from the first to eighth or ninth ribs. It inserts along the superior and inferior angle of the scapula as well as its medial border. This muscle is crucial for abducting and rotating the scapula upward. When the scapula is fixed, it helps elevate the ribs, assisting in punching movements.
The pectoralis major joins the pectoral girdle to the thorax. It originates from the anterior surface of the superior margins of the second or third to fourth or fifth ribs and inserts on the coracoid process of the scapula. It tilts the scapula anteriorly and pulls it inferiorly. It also elevates the thorax, aiding in respiration.
The subclavius muscle originates on the first rib and inserts into the lower surface of the lateral clavicle. Its primary function is to stabilize the clavicle during shoulder and arm movements. It also depresses the clavicle and moves it anteriorly.
Posterior Thoracic Muscles
The posterior thoracic muscles include the trapezius, levator scapulae, and the rhomboid minor and major muscles. The trapezius muscle, one of the broadest and most distinct muscles, has its roots in the bony structure of the cervical and thoracic regions. The muscle originates from the external protuberance of the occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and the spinous process of the seventh cervical and all thoracic vertebra. It inserts at the clavicle along its lateral third in addition to the acromion and the spine of the scapula. It is categorized into three parts &#8212; the upper, middle, and lower fibers, each performing unique actions. The upper fibers elevate the scapula and extend the neck, the middle fibers adduct the scapula, and the lower fibers depress the scapula.
The levator scapulae originate from the transverse process of the cervical vertebrae, C1-C4, and insert into the scapulae at the superior part of its medial border. It elevates the scapula and causes its downward rotation. It also flexes the neck laterally.
Originating from the nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7 and T1, the rhomboid minor inserts into the vertebral border of the scapula, superior to the spine. On the other hand, the rhomboid major originates from the spinous processes of the T2 to the vertebral border of the scapula, inferior to the spine. These muscles help retract the scapula and rotate it medially.

The shoulder muscles provide stability and mobility to the shoulder joint.
The anterior shoulder muscles include the subclavius, pectoralis minor, and ...

Education

JoVE Core

Anatomy and Physiology

Unit 1

The Muscular System

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

shoulder girdle muscles and scapula motion

Shoulder girdle muscles stabilize the clavicle and scapula, and that support helps the humerus move efficiently. Scapular movement also works with humerus movement and extends the arm’s range of motion. Raising the arm overhead depends on upward rotation of the scapula.

The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and pectoralis minor. The serratus anterior, often called the boxer’s muscle, starts on the first to eighth or ninth ribs and inserts along the superior and inferior angle of the scapula and its medial border. It abducts the scapula and rotates it upward. When the scapula is fixed, it can also help elevate the ribs during punching. The pectoralis major connects the pectoral girdle to the thorax. It begins on the front surface of the upper margins of the second or third to fourth or fifth ribs and inserts on the coracoid process of the scapula. This muscle tilts the scapula forward, pulls it downward, and helps elevate the thorax during breathing.

The subclavius muscle starts on the first rib and ends on the lower surface of the lateral clavicle. Its main job is to stabilize the clavicle during shoulder and arm movement. It also depresses the clavicle and moves it forward.

The posterior thoracic muscles include the trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid minor, and rhomboid major. The trapezius is a broad, distinct muscle that begins on the external protuberance of the occipital bone, the ligamentum nuchae, and the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra and all thoracic vertebrae. It inserts on the lateral third of the clavicle, the acromion, and the spine of the scapula. Its upper fibers elevate the scapula and extend the neck, its middle fibers adduct the scapula, and its lower fibers depress the scapula.

The levator scapulae originates from the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae C1 to C4 and inserts on the upper part of the medial border of the scapula. It elevates the scapula, turns it downward, and helps bend the neck to the side. The rhomboid minor starts from the nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7 and T1, while the rhomboid major starts from the spinous processes of T2. Both insert on the vertebral border of the scapula, with the minor above the spine and the major below it. These muscles retract the scapula and rotate it medially.

Shoulder Girdle Muscles and Scapula Motion

shoulder-girdle-muscles-and-scapula-motion

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key terms and concepts

Learn how shoulder girdle muscles stabilize the scapula, support arm motion, and help with breathing, punching, and shoulder rotation.

Shoulder Girdle Muscles and Scapula Motion | JoVE K12

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Shoulder Girdle Muscles and Scapula Motion

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