Everted Sac Technique
Everted Sac Technique - Related Videos
10:38
Isolation of Early Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Yolk Sac and AGM
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Cited by 19 •
2008
This video shows how to micro-dissect the yolk sac and aorta-gonad-mesonephros region from embryos and use flow cytometry to sort hematopoietic stem cells.
11:53
Primary Endodermal Epithelial Cell Culture from the Yolk Sac Membrane of Japanese Quail Embryos
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Cited by 6 •
2016
To study the mechanism of lipid utilization in yolk sac membranes during the late stages of avian embryonic development, we established a primary Japanese quail embryonic endodermal epithelial cell culture system.
04:34
Surgical Treatment of an Endolymphatic Sac Tumor
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Cited by 1 •
2023
Here, we discuss clinical and radiological features of endolymphatic sac tumors and report the methodology and results of a surgical removal in a case in care at our otologic referral center.
04:34
Dissection of the Endolymphatic Sac from Mice
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Cited by 5 •
2021
This study describes how to dissect the endolymphatic sac from the inner ear of the mouse at different ages. The result of a similar dissection is shown in an Slc26a4-null mouse model of enlargement of the endolymphatic sac. A transgenic mouse with a fluorescent reporter expressed in the endolymphatic sac is presented as a model to readily visualize the endolymphatic sac, and educational tool.
06:04
Ex Vivo Intestinal Sacs to Assess Mucosal Permeability in Models of Gastrointestinal Disease
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Cited by 41 •
2016
This protocol describes the use of excised intestinal tissue preparations or "intestinal sacs" as an ex vivo model of intestinal barrier function. This model may be used to assess integrity of both the epithelial barrier and the mucous gel layer at specific intestinal sites in animal models of digestive disease.
FAQs
The measured appearance of a compound inside the buffer-filled sac reflects movement across intestinal tissue. Comparing transport behavior under the selected test conditions can help researchers examine whether transfer is consistent with passive diffusion or influenced by transporters. This distinction matters because it separates movement driven by the tissue environment from uptake associated with biological transport activity.
Turning the intestinal segment inside out places the mucosal surface in direct contact with the surrounding test solution. That arrangement exposes the side responsible for intestinal exchange to the compound being evaluated, while the enclosed buffer provides a separate receiving compartment. The orientation therefore supports controlled observation of compound movement across the gut tissue.
Tissue integrity is essential for interpreting movement as a biologically meaningful permeability or transport response. If the intestinal tissue does not remain functionally intact, measured compound transfer may not represent normal barrier behavior. For this reason, the technique is used not only to assess movement but also to consider whether the tissue remains suitable for the experimental measurement.
A researcher prepares an intestinal segment, turns it inside out, and exposes the mucosal surface to a surrounding solution containing the compound of interest. The inner sac is filled with a physiological buffer, creating a separate compartment. After a defined period, compound movement into that inner solution is measured to evaluate transfer across the tissue.
The physiological buffer fills the inner compartment and provides the receiving medium for compounds that cross the intestinal tissue. Measuring the compound in this solution over time gives an experimental readout of transfer through the gut segment. Its use also maintains the controlled ex vivo arrangement needed to compare permeability, uptake, and transport behavior.
The method is useful for preliminary studies of oral drug absorption, intestinal permeability, and formulation performance. It allows investigators to examine how a compound crosses gut tissue before proceeding to more complex in vivo studies. Because the experiment can address passive diffusion, transporter-mediated uptake, and tissue integrity, it supports several early-stage assessments of candidate products.