The planning phase of the nursing process helps nurses set priorities, outline patient-centered goals and expected outcomes, and tailor nursing…

A nursing care plan can present in two forms: informal and formal. Informal is a care plan for the individual use of the nurse and goals they wish to…

When developing expected outcomes for a patient care plan, the nurse should adhere to the following recommendations: Patient outcomes reflect the…

Nursing interventions are chosen as part of the planning process to achieve patient outcomes. Once nursing diagnoses are determined, the goals and…

Creating and executing a nursing diagnosis helps nurses plan care and guide patient, family, and community interventions. They are developed based on…

Implementation is the execution of the nursing care plan developed during the planning phase. The five steps to implementing effective nursing care…

The evaluation stage signals the end of the nursing process. The nurse gathers evaluative data to assess whether or not the patient has attained the…

Death notification is an important and challenging aspect of Emergency Medicine. An Emergency Medicine physician must deliver bad news, often sudden…

Education programs at all levels must be able to demonstrate successful program outcomes. Grades alone do not represent a comprehensive measurement…

Salivary measures have emerged in bio-behavioral research that are easy-to-collect, minimally invasive, and relatively inexpensive biologic markers…