Time-of-flight Mass Analyzer
Time-of-flight Mass Analyzer - Related Videos
11:44
Qualitative Characterization of the Aqueous Fraction from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae Using 2D Gas Chromatography with Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry
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Cited by 9 •
2016
A two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry method is described for characterization of the aqueous fraction of bio-crude produced from hydrothermal liquefaction of algae. This protocol can also be employed to analyze the aqueous fraction of liquid products from fast pyrolysis, catalytic fast pyrolysis, catalytic deoxygenation and hydro-treating.
07:42
A Simple Flight Mill for the Study of Tethered Flight in Insects
0 Views •
Cited by 37 •
2015
Flight in insects is influenced by a number of factors and the propensity to disperse is an important variable in understanding insect ecology and biological control strategies. We describe the construction and use of a simple, relatively inexpensive, and flexible flight mill for measuring parameters of tethered flight in insects.
15:35
Analyzing Large Protein Complexes by Structural Mass Spectrometry
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Cited by 68 •
2010
Mass spectrometry has proven to be a valuable tool for analyzing large protein complexes. This method enables insights into the composition, stoichiometry and overall architecture of multi-subunit assemblies. Here, we describe, step-by-step, how to perform a structural mass spectrometry analysis, and characterize macromolecular structures.
08:36
Real-time Flight Control: Embedded Sensor Calibration and Data Acquisition
0 Views •
2023
Source: Ella M. Atkins, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI Overview Autopilot allows aircraft to be stabilized using data collected from onboard sensors that measure the aircraft’s orientation, angular velocity, and airspeed. These quantities can be adjusted by the autopilot so that the aircraft automatically follows a flight plan from launch (takeoff) through recovery (landing). Similar sensor data is collected to control all types of aircraft, from...
08:51
Profiling of Permethylated Mucin O-glycans Using Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry
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2025
Here, we present a detailed protocol for the release of O-glycans from mucins, and the subsequent desalting, permethylation, and analysis using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.
FAQs
The key relationship is between an ion’s mass-to-charge ratio and its arrival time. After acceleration, ions receive similar kinetic energies, so ions with lower mass-to-charge ratios travel more quickly than ions with higher values. Measuring these arrival times allows the instrument to convert flight-time differences into a mass spectrum for chemical interpretation.
Charge affects how strongly an ion responds to the accelerating electric field. For ions with comparable mass, a higher charge can produce a lower mass-to-charge ratio and an earlier detector arrival. This distinction matters when interpreting spectra because arrival time reflects mass-to-charge ratio, not mass alone, and therefore helps distinguish differently charged ions.
The flight tube provides a field-free region in which accelerated ions travel without further intended acceleration. Their different travel times remain distinguishable until they reach the detector, which records when each ion arrives. Those timing measurements create the data used to produce a mass spectrum and compare chemical or isotopic components.
A typical analysis begins with ionization of the chemical sample, followed by acceleration in an electric field. The ions then pass through the field-free flight tube, where their speeds separate according to mass-to-charge ratio. Finally, the detector records arrival times, and the instrument converts those measurements into a mass spectrum for interpretation.
It is useful when researchers need rapid measurements that reveal differences in mass-to-charge ratio. Isotope analysis can use the resulting mass spectrum to distinguish isotopic components, while reaction monitoring can track changes in chemical species over time. These capabilities support investigation of chemical identity and transformations without limiting analysis to a single compound.
A broad mass range allows the measurement to include chemical components with substantially different mass-to-charge ratios in the same analysis. The resulting spectrum can support molecular identification and characterization by separating components according to their arrival times. In chemistry, this is especially valuable for examining mixtures whose constituents differ in mass or charge.