Cassie State
Cassie State - Related Videos
09:15
Come to the Light Side: In Vivo Monitoring of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Infections in Chronic Wounds in a Diabetic Hairless Murine Model
0 Views •
Cited by 8 •
2017
Here we describe a novel diabetic murine model utilizing hairless mice for real-time, non-invasive, monitoring of biofilm wound infections of bioluminescent Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This method can be adapted to evaluate infection of other bacterial species and genetically modified microorganisms, including multi-species biofilms, and test the efficacy of antibiofilm strategies.
08:36
Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments
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Cited by 18 •
2019
Sleep loss and circadian misalignment contribute to numerous operational accidents and incidents. The effectiveness of countermeasures and work scheduling designs aimed at mitigating fatigue can be challenging to evaluate in operational environments. This manuscript summarizes an approach for collecting sleep, circadian, fatigue, and performance data in complex operational environments.
05:49
Alternate Immersion in Glucose to Produce Prolonged Hyperglycemia in Zebrafish
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Cited by 6 •
2021
This protocol noninvasively induces hyperglycemia in zebrafish for up to 8 weeks. Using this protocol, an in-depth study of the adverse effects of hyperglycemia can be made.
07:12
Microarray Polymer Profiling (MAPP) for High-Throughput Glycan Analysis
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Cited by 3 •
2023
Microarray polymer profiling (MAPP) is a high-throughput technique for compositional analysis of glycans in biological samples.
05:20
Zebrafish Model of Neuroblastoma Metastasis
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Cited by 4 •
2021
This paper introduces the method of developing, characterizing, and tracking in real-time the tumor metastasis in zebrafish model of neuroblastoma, specifically in the transgenic zebrafish line with overexpression of MYCN and LMO1, which develops metastasis spontaneously.
FAQs
The Cassie-Baxter model relates wetting behavior to the fraction of solid surface directly contacted by the liquid. Because liquid contacts texture tops while air occupies underlying roughness, the effective interface combines solid, liquid, and air rather than behaving like a uniformly wetted surface. This reduced solid contact helps explain large apparent contact angles and low adhesion.
Surface texture, surface chemistry, pressure, and liquid motion all influence whether trapped air remains beneath the liquid. Changes in these conditions can destabilize the composite interface and allow liquid to enter the roughness, producing a transition to the fully wetted Wenzel state. Engineers therefore consider both material structure and operating conditions when predicting wetting behavior.
The key distinction is whether liquid remains supported over trapped air or penetrates and wets the underlying roughness. The Cassie state preserves a composite solid-liquid-air interface, whereas the Wenzel state represents full wetting of the textured structure. This difference changes the expected contact behavior and helps engineers evaluate whether a surface will retain water repellency under use.
Trapped air reduces the portion of the textured surface that directly contacts the liquid. That limited contact contributes to the low-adhesion behavior associated with the Cassie state, rather than allowing liquid to conform fully to the roughness. Maintaining this air layer is therefore central to engineering surfaces intended to support water repellency, self-cleaning, or anti-icing performance.
A design evaluation should consider the surface texture and chemistry together with expected pressure and liquid motion. These variables determine whether air remains trapped or whether wetting progresses into the roughness. Using this combination of structural and operating information, engineers can predict possible transitions and select surface designs suited to the intended environment.
Cassie-state surfaces support water-repellent coatings, self-cleaning materials, drag-reducing interfaces, anti-icing technologies, and microfluidic control. In each case, the relevant benefit comes from controlling how liquid contacts the textured surface and whether trapped air is preserved. The same wetting principle can therefore serve both protective material applications and systems that require deliberate liquid manipulation.
In microfluidic engineering, controlling the Cassie state can help regulate how liquid interacts with textured interfaces. The presence or loss of trapped air changes the liquid-contact condition, allowing surface design and operating conditions to influence wetting behavior. This makes the state relevant when engineers need to manage liquid movement or interface behavior within microfluidic systems.