Name: arm muscles and their movements
Uploaded: 2024-03-28T14:28:28.000Z
Duration: 1 min 31 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Florida Department of Education

High School

Life Science

SC.912.L.14

SC.912.L.14.20

Muscles that Move the Arm

Les muscles du bras sont classés en muscles axiaux et scapulaires.
Les deux muscles axiaux sont le grand pectoral et le grand dorsal.
Le grand pectoral a des têtes claviculaires et sternocostales pour la flexion et l’extension du bras, respectivement. Le grand dorsal prolonge le bras. Le grand pectoral et le grand dorsal adduisent le bras et le font pivoter médialement.
Il y a sept muscles scapulaires. 
Le grand rond et le grand dorsal provoquent l’extension, l’adduction et la rotation médiale du bras.
Les muscles deltoïdes recouvrent et façonnent l’épaule, permettant l’abduction, la flexion, l’extension et la rotation médiale et latérale du bras.
Le supra-épineux de la région scapulaire supérieure assiste le deltoïde dans l’abduction du bras.
L’infra-épineux de l’omoplate postérieure provoque la rotation latérale du bras.
 Le petit rond provoque l’extension et la rotation latérale du bras avec l’infra-épineux.
Le sous-scapulaire, situé à la surface antérieure de l’omoplate, provoque la rotation médiale du bras.
Le sus-épineux, l’infra-épineux, le petit rond et le sous-scapulaire, ainsi que leurs tendons correspondants, se combinent pour créer la coiffe des rotateurs.
Le coracobrachial, un muscle allongé du bras, aide à la flexion et à l’adduction du bras.

muscles qui font bouger le bras

Neuf muscles sont impliqués dans les mouvements du bras. Deux d'entre eux, le grand pectoral et le grand dorsal, proviennent du squelette axial et sont appelés muscles axiaux. Les sept autres proviennent de la scapula et sont appelés muscles scapulaires.

Le grand pectoral a deux origines. Sa tête claviculaire prend naissance sur la moitié médiale de la clavicule. En revanche, la tête sternocostale prend naissance sur les cartilages costaux des côtes 1 à 6, le sternum et l'aponévrose de l'oblique externe de la paroi abdominale antérieure. Ces deux têtes fusionnent et s'insèrent sur le sillon intertuberculaire de l'humérus. La tête claviculaire fléchit l'humérus et la tête sternocostale étend un bras fléchi vers la position anatomique. Lorsque les deux têtes travaillent ensemble, elles adductent et font tourner médialement l'humérus.

Le grand dorsal provient des apophyses épineuses des vertèbres thoraciques T7 à T12, des crêtes du sacrum et de l'ilium, et des côtes 9 à 12. Il s'insère en avant sur le sillon intertuberculaire de l'humérus. Agissant avec le muscle scapulaire, le grand rond, il étend, adducte et fait tourner médialement l'humérus. L'origine du muscle scapulaire, le grand rond, se situe à l'angle inférieur de la scapula. Il s'insère sur l'humérus au niveau de la lèvre médiale de son sillon intertuberculaire. Ses actions sont les mêmes que celles du grand dorsal.

Le deltoïde scapulaire est le muscle le plus superficiel de l'articulation de l'épaule et est responsable de sa forme arrondie. Ses fibres antérieures proviennent de la face latérale de la clavicule, les fibres latérales proviennent de l'acromion de la scapula et les fibres postérieures proviennent de l'épine scapulaire. Toutes les fibres fusionnent et s'insèrent sur la tubérosité deltoïdienne de l'humérus. Tandis que les fibres latérales abductent le bras, les fibres antérieures le fléchissent et le font tourner médialement, et les fibres postérieures l'étendent et le font tourner latéralement.

Les muscles scapulaires — sus-épineux, infra-épineux, petit rond, sous-scapulaire et leurs tendons correspondants — se combinent pour créer la coiffe des rotateurs. L'origine du muscle sus-épineux se situe dans la fosse sus-épineuse de la scapula. À l’inverse, le muscle infra-épineux provient de sa fosse infra-épineuse. Ces deux muscles sont insérés au niveau du tubercule majeur de l’humérus, contribuant respectivement à l’abduction du bras et à la rotation latérale.

Un autre muscle, le petit rond, s'insère également au niveau du tubercule majeur de l'humérus mais provient du bord latéral de la scapula. Il agit avec le muscle infra-épineux pour faire pivoter latéralement et étendre le bras. L'origine du muscle sous-scapulaire se situe au niveau de la fosse sous-scapulaire de la scapula. Il s'insère sur le tubercule mineur de l'humérus et facilite la rotation médiale du bras. Enfin, le dernier muscle scapulaire impliqué dans les mouvements du bras est le coraco-brachial. L'origine de ce muscle se situe au niveau du processus coracoïde de la scapula et son insertion se situe sur la surface médiane de la diaphyse médiale de l'humérus. Il aide à la flexion et à l’adduction du bras.

Les muscles de la coiffe des rotateurs sont sujets aux blessures, en particulier chez les sportifs. En raison de sa position entre la tête de l'humérus et l'acromion de la scapula, le muscle sus-épineux est particulièrement sujet aux tensions et aux modifications dégénératives.

Muscles qui font bouger le bras

Les muscles du bras sont classés en muscles axiaux et scapulaires.
Les deux muscles axiaux sont le grand pectoral et le grand dorsal.
Le grand pectoral a ...

Education

Enseignement

JoVE Core

Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomie et physiologie

Unit 1

Unité 1

The Muscular System

Le système musculaire

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TERMES ET CONCEPTS CLÉS

arm muscles and their movements

Arm muscles move the humerus through flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. Nine muscles help produce these arm movements. Two of them, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, come from the axial skeleton. The other seven begin on the scapula and are called scapular muscles.

The pectoralis major has two origins, or heads. Its clavicular head starts on the medial half of the clavicle. Its sternocostal head starts on the costal cartilages of ribs 1 through 6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the anterior abdominal wall. Both heads join and insert on the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus. The clavicular head flexes the humerus. The sternocostal head brings a flexed arm back to anatomical position. Working together, the heads adduct and medially rotate the humerus.

The latissimus dorsi starts on the spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae T7 to T12, the crests of the sacrum and ilium, and ribs 9 to 12. It inserts on the front of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus. The teres major works with it. Teres major begins at the inferior angle of the scapula and inserts on the medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus. These two muscles extend, adduct, and medially rotate the humerus.

The deltoid is the most superficial muscle of the shoulder joint, and it gives the shoulder its rounded shape. Its anterior fibers begin on the lateral part of the clavicle. Its lateral fibers begin on the acromion of the scapula, and its posterior fibers begin on the spine of the scapula. All three parts merge and insert on the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus. The lateral fibers abduct the arm. The anterior fibers flex and medially rotate it. The posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate it.

The scapular muscles also include the rotator cuff. The rotator cuff is made of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis, and their tendons. Supraspinatus starts in the supraspinous fossa of the scapula and inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus. It helps with arm abduction. Infraspinatus starts in the infraspinous fossa and also inserts on the greater tubercle. It helps with lateral rotation. Teres minor starts at the inferior angle of the scapula and inserts on the greater tubercle. It laterally rotates and extends the arm. Subscapularis starts in the subscapular fossa, inserts on the lesser tubercle of the humerus, and helps medially rotate the arm.

The last scapular muscle involved in arm movement is the coracobrachialis. It starts at the coracoid process of the scapula and inserts on the middle surface of the medial shaft of the humerus. It helps flex and adduct the arm. The rotator cuff muscles are often injured, especially in people who play sports. The supraspinatus is especially vulnerable because it sits between the head of the humerus and the acromion of the scapula, where strain and degenerative change can occur.

Arm Muscles and Their Movements

the muscular system

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muscles that move the arm

Arm muscles move the humerus through flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. Nine muscles help produce these arm movements. Two of them, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, come from the axial skeleton. The other seven begin on the scapula and are called scapular muscles. The pectoralis major has two origins, or heads. Its clavicular head starts on the medial half of the clavicle. Its sternocostal head starts on the costal cartilages of ribs 1 through 6, the sternum, and...

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muscles-of-the-forearm-that-move-the-hand-and-fingers

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key terms and concepts

Learn how the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, deltoid, rotator cuff, and coracobrachialis move the arm, with their key origins, insertions, and actions.

Arm Muscles and Their Movements | JoVE K12

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Arm Muscles and Their Movements

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