Optical Encoder Positioning
Optical Encoder Positioning - Related Videos
08:20
Optical Control of a Neuronal Protein Using a Genetically Encoded Unnatural Amino Acid in Neurons
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Cited by 6 •
2016
Here, a procedure to selectively activate a neuronal protein with a short pulse of light by genetically encoding a photo-reactive unnatural amino acid into a target neuronal protein expressed in neurons in culture or in vivo is presented.
05:28
Incidental Encoding
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2023
Source: Laboratory of Jonathan Flombaum—Johns Hopkins University Long-term memory is a critical feature of human cognition, and it has been a prominent focus of research in experimental psychology. Many paradigms designed to tap long-term memory rely on asking participants to learn or study content, then test memory about that content. This is a good approach if one wants to understand how memory supports educational achievement, for example, where explicit study is part of the process. But,...
11:54
Optical Quantification of Intracellular pH in Drosophila melanogaster Malpighian Tubule Epithelia with a Fluorescent Genetically-encoded pH Indicator
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Cited by 9 •
2017
Cellular ion transport can often be assessed by monitoring intracellular pH (pHi). Genetically Encoded pH-Indicators (GEpHIs) provide optical quantification of intracellular pH in intact cells. This protocol details the quantification of intracellular pH through cellular ex vivo live-imaging of Malpighian tubules of Drosophila melanogaster with pHerry, a pseudo-ratiometric genetically encoded pH-indicator.
01:19
Encoding
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2025
Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing. Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
02:32
Position-effect Variegation
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2020
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
FAQs
The choice follows the motion being monitored: a coded disk represents rotational movement, whereas a linear scale tracks translation. As the pattern moves relative to the optical path, changing interruptions or reflections produce electrical signals associated with the component’s movement. This lets the same measurement principle support rotary mechanisms and linearly traveling stages in bioengineering equipment.
Incremental feedback reports movement relative to a changing position, while absolute feedback identifies a position within the coded pattern. This distinction affects what the control system receives: one emphasizes displacement during motion, and the other supplies positional information tied to the scale or disk. Selecting between them depends on whether the application needs movement tracking or direct position identification.
The light source provides the optical input, while photodetectors convert changes caused by the moving pattern into electrical signals. Neither component can provide useful feedback alone: illumination must interact with the disk or scale, and detection must capture the resulting interruptions or reflections. Their paired operation links mechanical movement with control of imaging, manipulation, and automated instrument activity.
A moving disk or scale interrupts or reflects light from a source. Pattern changes alter the light reaching photodetectors, which translate those changes into electrical signals. The system then uses the resulting feedback to represent displacement, rotation, or position. In practice, this sequence connects the moving component to the control of a motorized stage, robotic mechanism, imaging system, or automated device.
Bioengineering applications include motorized stages, robotic mechanisms, imaging systems, and automated instruments. The feedback supports precise movement during sample handling, microscopy, microfabrication, and experimental manipulation. These settings require mechanical motion to remain linked with biological measurement or control, so position information helps improve the repeatability of operations involving samples, imaging components, or laboratory mechanisms.
Position feedback gives a control system information about the movement of a component rather than relying only on the intended motion. That connection between measured position and mechanical action supports more consistent operation of stages, instruments, and manipulators. In biological experiments, improved repeatability can make sample handling, microscopy, microfabrication, and experimental manipulation more reliably coordinated across repeated procedures.