Atp Turnover
Atp Turnover - Related Videos
07:25
Use of Stopped-Flow Fluorescence and Labeled Nucleotides to Analyze the ATP Turnover Cycle of Kinesins
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Cited by 10 •
2014
Kinesins are characterized by nucleotide-dependent interaction with microtubules: a cycle of ATP turnover coupled to a cycle of microtubule interaction. Here, we describe protocols to analyze the kinetics of individual nucleotide transitions in the ATP turnover cycle of a kinesin using fluorescently labeled nucleotides and stopped-flow fluorescence.
01:31
ATP Yield
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2019
Cellular respiration produces 30 - 32 ATP per glucose molecule. Although most of the ATP results from oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain (ETC), 4 ATP are gained beforehand (2 from glycolysis and 2 from the citric acid cycle). The ETC is embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is comprised of four main protein complexes and an ATP synthase. NADH and FADH2 pass electrons to these complexes, which pump protons into the intermembrane space. This distribution of...
08:32
The ATP Bioluminescence Assay
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2023
In fireflies, the luciferase enzyme converts a compound called luciferin into oxyluciferin, and produces light or “luminescence” as a result. This reaction requires energy derived from ATP in order to proceed, so researchers have exploited the luciferase-luciferin interaction to gauge ATP levels in cells. Given ATP’s role as the cell’s currency of energy, the ATP bioluminescence assay can provide insight into cellular metabolism and overall cell health.In this video, JoVE discusses cellular...
01:08
Hydrolysis of ATP
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2019
The bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can be broken through the addition of water, releasing one or two phosphate groups in an exergonic process called hydrolysis. This reaction liberates the energy in the bonds for use in the cell—for instance, to synthesize proteins from amino acids. If one phosphate group is removed, a molecule of ADP—adenosine diphosphate—remains, along with inorganic phosphate. ADP can be further hydrolyzed to AMP—adenosine monophosphate—by the removal of a second...
08:09
Mapping the Binding Site of an Aptamer on ATP Using MicroScale Thermophoresis
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Cited by 12 •
2017
MicroScale Thermophoresis (MST) is a sensitive technology to characterize aptamer-target interactions. This manuscript describes an MST protocol to characterize aptamer-small molecule interactions.
FAQs
Terminal-phosphate cleavage links ATP chemistry to cellular work. Hydrolysis removes the terminal phosphate and releases energy that can support active transport, biosynthesis, or muscle contraction. ADP produced by this reaction must then be converted back into ATP through cellular energy-producing pathways. The balance between consumption and regeneration determines whether energy-demanding activities can continue.
Substrate-level phosphorylation is listed alongside oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation as a route for ATP replenishment. Oxidative phosphorylation operates through cellular respiration, while photophosphorylation accompanies photosynthesis. Separating these contexts helps researchers interpret turnover in relation to the energy-producing process being examined, rather than treating all ATP regeneration as the same biological event.
Changing physiological conditions can modify the balance between ATP consumption and regeneration. Since ATP supports active transport, biosynthesis, and muscle contraction, researchers can examine turnover rates in tissues or organisms to determine how energy use responds. Comparing rates under different conditions provides a way to study changes in cellular energy metabolism and physiological state.
A turnover measurement is useful because its rate connects ATP use with broader biological activity. Researchers can use it to assess metabolic activity, examine mitochondrial function, and evaluate responses to changing physiological conditions. Measurements made in tissues or organisms therefore provide an energy-metabolism readout that helps characterize how biological systems use energy.
ATP turnover is relevant to disease research because altered energy use may be examined alongside mitochondrial function and overall metabolic activity. Measuring the cycle in tissues or organisms gives researchers a way to investigate how energy metabolism behaves under physiological conditions and how it responds when those conditions change. This connects cellular energy processes with disease-focused biological studies.
ATP turnover can be examined in tissues and organisms because energy use is relevant at more than one biological scale. Tissue measurements support assessment of metabolic activity and mitochondrial function, whereas organism-level measurements address energy use in the broader biological system. Using either scale helps researchers relate ATP dynamics to physiological conditions and disease-focused questions.