Serum Micrornas
Serum Micrornas - Related Videos
01:22
MicroRNAs
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2019
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
09:05
MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
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Cited by 4 •
2017
We describe here a method for regulating picornavirus tropism by incorporating sequences complementary to specific microRNAs into the viral genome. This protocol can be adapted to all different classes of viruses with modifications based upon the length and nature of their life cycle.
06:44
Isolation of Small Noncoding RNAs from Human Serum
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Cited by 13 •
2014
This protocol describes a method for extracting small RNAs from human serum. We have used this method to isolate microRNAs from cancer serum for use in DNA arrays and also singleplex quantitative PCR. The protocol utilizes phenol and guanidinium thiocyanate reagents with modifications to yield high quality RNA.
07:23
Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
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Cited by 3 •
2016
Herein we propose a strategy to study the effect of a transcription factor of interest on the microRNA transcriptome using publically available data, computational resources and high throughput data from microRNA arrays after transfecting cells with small hairpin (sh)RNA targeting a transcription factor of interest.
09:19
In ovo Expression of MicroRNA in Ventral Chick Midbrain
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Cited by 5 •
2013
Ectopic expression is one technique to elucidate the microRNAs role in brain development. However, targeting specific areas using in ovo electroporation is challenging. Here, we show an efficient way to selectively electroporate ventral and dorsal midbrain regions.
FAQs
After entering a cell, a serum microRNA joins the RNA-induced silencing complex, or RISC. The complex uses the microRNA to recognize complementary sequences in messenger RNA, which can alter expression of the associated gene after transcription. This mechanism connects a measured circulating profile with changes in cellular regulation and helps explain its potential diagnostic relevance.
Extracellular vesicles and protein complexes provide protective environments that reduce exposure to degradation in serum. This protection contributes to the relative stability of circulating microRNAs compared with unprotected RNA molecules. For medical studies, that stability supports their measurement in blood samples and makes them suitable candidates for minimally invasive biomarker development.
Biological differences are not the only source of variation. Sample handling, microRNA extraction, and normalization can all influence the profile recorded in a study. If these factors are not controlled, apparent differences may reflect processing rather than disease-related biology. Consistent analytical practices are therefore essential for reliable clinical interpretation.
A serum microRNA workflow should apply consistent procedures for sample handling and extraction, followed by an appropriate normalization strategy. These stages determine how measured profiles can be compared across samples or study groups. Careful control of the workflow helps distinguish genuine disease-associated patterns from technical differences and strengthens the interpretation of liquid-biopsy findings.
Medical studies investigate these profiles for several complementary purposes: detecting disease, estimating prognosis, monitoring treatment response, and stratifying patients. Each use asks a different clinical question, from whether disease-related changes are present to whether a patient may have a particular outcome or response pattern. Their value therefore depends on matching the profile to the intended application.
Because they can be assessed in blood, serum microRNAs support liquid-biopsy approaches that seek information without relying on more invasive tissue sampling. Their circulation and relative stability make repeated investigation feasible within medical research. Studies may use serial profiles to examine disease-related changes or treatment response, provided sample processing and normalization remain sufficiently consistent.
Patient stratification uses differences in serum microRNA profiles to investigate whether clinically relevant groups can be distinguished. In medicine, this may support research into prognosis or treatment response by relating circulating patterns to patient categories. The approach does not rely on the profile alone; dependable grouping requires controlled handling, extraction, and normalization so technical variation does not obscure biological differences.