Small Angle X-ray
Small Angle X-ray - Related Videos
07:54
Preparing Adherent Cells for X-ray Fluorescence Imaging by Chemical Fixation
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Cited by 14 •
2015
Here, we present a protocol on how to determine the quantity and distribution of metals in a sample using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence. We focus on adherent cells, and describe the chemical fixation method to prepare this sample. We then describe how to mount and image the sample using synchrotron X-rays.
10:39
Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
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Cited by 10 •
2016
The measurement protocol and data analysis procedure are given for obtaining transverse coherence of a synchrotron radiation X-ray source along four directions simultaneously using a single 2-D checkerboard phase grating. This simple technique can be applied for complete transverse coherence characterization of X-ray sources and X-ray optics.
07:19
Structural Studies of Macromolecules in Solution using Small Angle X-Ray Scattering
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Cited by 4 •
2018
Here, we present how Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) can be utilized to obtain information on low-resolution envelopes representing the macromolecular structures. When used in conjunction with high-resolution structural techniques such as X-Ray Crystallography and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, SAXS can provide detailed insights into multidomain proteins and macromolecular complexes in-solution.
12:53
Small and Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering Studies of Biological Macromolecules in Solution
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Cited by 11 •
2013
The demonstration of the small and wide angle X-ray scattering (SWAXS) procedure has become instrumental in the study of biological macromolecules. Through the use of the instrumentation and procedures of specific angle methods and preparation, the experimental data from the SWAXS displays the atomic and nano-scale characterization of macromolecules.
09:15
Combining X-Ray Crystallography with Small Angle X-Ray Scattering to Model Unstructured Regions of Nsa1 from S. Cerevisiae
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2018
This method describes the cloning, expression, and purification of recombinant Nsa1 for structural determination by X-ray crystallography and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and is applicable for the hybrid structural analysis of other proteins containing both ordered and disordered domains.
FAQs
The scattering vector provides the coordinate used to relate measured intensity to structural features. Because it reflects differences in electron density, changes in intensity across the measured range can be analyzed for characteristic dimensions within a material. This relationship allows researchers to connect the scattering response with nanoscale organization rather than relying only on bulk composition or visual inspection.
Scattering arises from differences in electron density within the sample. Regions that differ in this property contribute to the measured intensity, making internal interfaces and structural organization detectable. Interpreting those differences helps estimate particle size, shape, and spatial arrangement, which is especially useful when engineering materials contain multiple phases, dispersed components, pores, or other nanoscale features.
Researchers analyze the intensity as a function of the scattering vector and compare the resulting structural response with models or characteristic features. The analysis can provide estimates of particle size, shape, and spatial arrangement as separate aspects of organization. Examining these quantities together helps determine whether a material’s nanoscale structure is dispersed, organized, or otherwise associated with its composition.
Composition and processing conditions can alter the nanoscale organization recorded by the measurement. By comparing scattering results from materials prepared with different compositions or processing histories, engineers can evaluate changes in characteristic dimensions, particle organization, or other structural features. These comparisons help link how a material is made to how its internal structure may support its eventual performance.
A basic workflow records scattering intensity over very small angles and expresses the result as a function of the scattering vector. Researchers then analyze that relationship to estimate characteristic dimensions, particle size, shape, and spatial arrangement. The resulting structural description can be compared across samples, compositions, or processing conditions to identify meaningful changes in material organization.
SAXS analysis can yield estimates of characteristic dimensions, particle size, shape, and spatial arrangement. These outcomes describe how nanoscale components are organized inside a material and provide more specific structural information than composition alone. Engineers can use the results to assess whether changes in formulation or processing produce corresponding changes in the internal architecture of a sample.
The method is useful for polymers, nanocomposites, colloids, porous solids, and other complex materials. In each case, the measurement can help characterize nanoscale organization and relate that organization to composition or processing conditions. This makes SAXS relevant to engineering studies focused on designing advanced structures and understanding how internal features contribute to material performance.