Hiv Splicing
Hiv Splicing - Related Videos
01:32
RNA Splicing
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2019
Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
02:18
Alternative RNA Splicing
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2020
Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity. There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
05:46
Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
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Cited by 15 •
2014
Here we describe cellular cytotoxicity and single round infectivity assays that allow for the rapid and accurate screening of compounds to determine their cellular cytotoxicity (CC50) and IC50 values against WT and drug resistant HIV-1.
07:18
High Throughput In Vitro Assessment of Latency Reversing Agents on HIV Transcription and Splicing
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2019
A high throughput protocol for functional assessment of HIV efficient reactivation and clearance of latent proviruses is described and applied by testing the impact of interventions on HIV transcription and splicing. Representative results of the effect of latency reversing agents on LTR-driven transcription and splicing are provided.
13:58
Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays
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Cited by 10 •
2011
Quantifying levels of HIV-1 RNA in plasma and sequencing single HIV-1 genomes from individuals with viral loads below the limit of detection (50-75 copies/ml) is difficult. Here we describe how to extract and quantify plasma viral RNA using a real time PCR assay that reliably measures HIV-1 RNA down to 0.3 copies/ml and how to amplify viral genomes by single genome sequencing, from samples with very low viral loads.
FAQs
The three RNA classes have distinct functional consequences. Unspliced RNA supports production of structural proteins, whereas singly and multiply spliced messenger RNAs encode regulatory factors. This arrangement allows one integrated provirus to coordinate different protein outputs from a compact genome. Comparing these transcript classes therefore links RNA processing patterns to the stages and requirements of viral gene expression.
Rev does more than regulate a viral protein. The Rev protein promotes nuclear export of incompletely spliced transcripts through the Rev response element, providing a route for RNAs that have not undergone complete cellular splicing to contribute to viral protein production. Rev and the response element therefore connect transcript processing with export and create a distinct control point in replication.
Because recognition is performed by cellular machinery, HIV RNA processing is a host-virus interaction rather than an exclusively viral event. Viral splice donor and acceptor sites must be used by the spliceosome in ways that generate multiple transcript classes. This dependence helps explain why RNA processing is relevant to infection biology and why disrupting it could affect viral protein production.
An analysis that distinguishes unspliced, singly spliced, and multiply spliced transcripts can be related to the viral proteins expected from each class. The unspliced group points toward structural protein production, while the other groups indicate regulatory-factor production. Including Rev and the Rev response element in the interpretation is important because export of incompletely spliced RNA is actively regulated.
Antiviral strategies can target three linked vulnerabilities: splice-site processing, Rev-mediated nuclear export, and downstream viral protein production. These interventions act at different points. Altered processing changes the available RNA classes, impaired export restricts movement of incompletely spliced transcripts out of the nucleus, and reduced protein production can interfere with the viral replication program.
Its immunology relevance lies in the connection between RNA regulation, viral replication, and immune evasion. By controlling which viral RNAs are produced and exported, HIV coordinates the production of structural and regulatory proteins. Studying this control helps clarify how the virus interacts with host cells and identifies RNA-processing events that may influence infection and antiviral development.