Hindbrain Functions
Hindbrain Functions - Related Videos
09:17
Labeling and Imaging Cells in the Zebrafish Hindbrain
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Cited by 7 •
2010
Key to understanding the morphogenetic processes that shape the early embryo is the ability to image cells at high resolution. We describe here a technique for labeling single cells or small clusters of cells in whole zebrafish embryos with membrane-targeted Green Fluorescent Protein.
10:57
Mouse Hindbrain Ex Vivo Culture to Study Facial Branchiomotor Neuron Migration
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Cited by 4 •
2014
Embryonic neurons are born in the ventricular zone of the neural tube, but migrate to reach appropriate targets. Facial branchiomotor (FBM) neurons are a useful model to study neuronal migration. This protocol describes the wholemount ex vivo culture of mouse embryo hindbrains to investigate mechanisms that regulate FBM migration.
11:39
The Mouse Hindbrain As a Model for Studying Embryonic Neurogenesis
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Cited by 2 •
2018
This article demonstrates how the mouse embryonic hindbrain can be used as a model for studying developmental neurogenesis in both whole organ and tissue section preparations.
10:04
Electroporation of the Hindbrain to Trace Axonal Trajectories and Synaptic Targets in the Chick Embryo
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Cited by 9 •
2013
How neuronal networks are established in the embryonic brain is a fundamental question in developmental neurobiology. Here we combined an electroporation technique with novel genetic tools, such as Cre/Lox–plasmids and PiggyBac-mediated DNA transposition system in the avian hindbrain to label dorsal interneurons and track their axonal projections and synaptic targets at various developmental stages.
02:45
Functional Groups
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2020
Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, the presence of certain functional groups on a molecule will make them hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each...
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The medulla links essential autonomic regulation with the conditions required for ongoing behavior. By controlling breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure, it helps maintain physiological stability while an individual responds to the environment. Disruption in these functions can therefore affect basic functioning and may produce consequences that extend beyond observable psychological behavior.
The pons contributes to sleep and arousal regulation while also relaying signals within the nervous system. This makes it relevant to psychological questions about changing behavioral states, including transitions between wakefulness and sleep. Studying its role helps connect neural activity with patterns of responsiveness, rest, and basic behavioral regulation.
The cerebellum uses sensory feedback to adjust movement, supporting balance, coordination, and motor learning. Feedback allows ongoing actions to be refined rather than produced as fixed responses. In psychology, this mechanism helps explain how behavior becomes more coordinated through experience and why disruption may lead to noticeable movement difficulties.
These regions contribute to different but complementary aspects of functioning. The medulla emphasizes autonomic stability, the pons contributes to signal relay and regulation of sleep and arousal, and the cerebellum refines coordinated movement through sensory feedback. Considering them together shows how physiological regulation, behavioral state, and motor performance interact.
Research can examine how neural mechanisms support behavior, attention, sleep, and stress responses. The topic is useful when investigators want to relate basic brain-region activity to observable changes in behavioral state or performance. This perspective broadens psychological analysis by connecting mental and behavioral phenomena with underlying physiological regulation.
Research on injury or dysfunction can clarify how altered hindbrain activity affects movement, consciousness, and essential physiological stability. Comparing normal functions with impaired outcomes helps identify which capacities depend on particular regulatory or coordination processes. These observations provide psychological context for changes in behavior and responsiveness following neurological disruption.