Name: shoulder girdle muscles and scapula motion
Uploaded: 2024-03-28T14:28:28.000Z
Duration: 1 min 23 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Florida Department of Education

High School

Life Science

SC.912.L.14

SC.912.L.14.20

Muscles of the Shoulder

肩の筋肉は、肩の関節に安定性と可動性を提供します。
前肩の筋肉には、鎖骨下筋、小胸筋、および前鋸筋が含まれます。
鎖骨下筋は、最初の肋骨から鎖骨まで伸びる小さな筋肉で、肩の動き中に鎖骨を安定させます。
大胸筋の下にある扁平な筋肉である小胸筋は、肩甲骨を前方に傾けて下方向に引っ張ります。また、胸部を持ち上げ、呼吸を助けます。
胸部の外側にある扇形の筋肉である前鋸筋は、肩甲骨を引き伸ばし、パンチングの動きを助けます。
肩の後部筋には、僧帽筋、肩甲挙筋、および大小菱形筋と小筋が含まれます。
大きな三角形の筋肉である僧帽筋は、鎖骨と肩甲骨に挿入して、背中と首を覆っています。肩甲骨を持ち上げたり、引っ込めたり、回転させたり、鎖骨を持ち上げたり、首を伸ばしたりします。
肩甲挙筋は、後頸部に位置する細長い筋肉であり、肩甲骨の上昇と内転に寄与します。
大菱形筋と小菱形筋は、肩甲骨を引っ込めて内側に回転させるのに役立ちます。

肩の筋肉

鎖骨や肩甲骨など、肩甲帯を取り囲む筋肉は主に肩甲骨を安定させます。 この安定したベースにより、他の筋肉が上腕骨を効果的に動かすことができます。 肩甲骨の動きは上腕骨の動きを反映することが多く、可動範囲を広げます。 たとえば、腕を頭の上に上げることは、肩甲骨を同時に上方に回転させなければ実現不可能です。

前胸部の筋肉

前胸部の筋肉には、前鋸筋、鎖骨下筋、小胸筋が含まれます。 ボクサーの筋肉としてよく知られる前鋸筋は、第 1 肋骨から第 8 または第 9 肋骨まで始まります。 肩甲骨の上角と下角、およびその内側の境界に沿って挿入します。 この筋肉は、肩甲骨を外転させて上方に回転させるために重要です。 肩甲骨が固定されると、肋骨を持ち上げるのに役立ち、パンチの動きを助けます。

大胸筋は胸帯と胸部を結合します。 それは、第 2 または第 3 から第 4 または第 5 肋骨の上縁の前面から始まり、肩甲骨の烏口突起に挿入されます。 肩甲骨を前に傾けて下に引っ張ります。 また、胸部を持ち上げて呼吸を助けます。

鎖骨下筋は第一肋骨から始まり、鎖骨外側の下面に挿入します。 その主な機能は、肩や腕の動き中に鎖骨を安定させることです。 また、鎖骨を押し下げ、前方に動かします。

後胸部の筋肉

後胸部の筋肉には、僧帽筋、肩甲挙筋、小菱形筋および大菱形筋が含まれます。 僧帽筋は、最も幅が広く、最も特徴的な筋肉の 1 つであり、そのルーツは頸部と胸部の骨構造にあります。 この筋肉は、後頭骨の外側の隆起、項靱帯、および第 7 頚椎およびすべての胸椎の棘突起に由来します。 肩峰と肩甲骨の脊椎に加えて、鎖骨の外側 3 分の 1 に沿って挿入します。 上部繊維、中部繊維、下部繊維の 3 つの部分に分類され、それぞれが独自の動作を実行します。 上部の繊維は肩甲骨を持ち上げて首を伸ばし、中央の繊維は肩甲骨を内転させ、下部の繊維は肩甲骨を押し下げます。

肩甲挙筋は、頸椎 C1 ～ C4 の横突起から始まり、内側境界の上部で肩甲骨に挿入されます。 肩甲骨を持ち上げ、下向きに回転させます。 首も横方向に曲げます。

項部靱帯と C7 および T1 の棘突起に由来する小菱形筋は、脊椎の上にある肩甲骨の椎骨境界に挿入されます。 一方、大菱形筋は、T2の棘突起から肩甲骨の椎骨縁まで、脊椎より下方に起始します。 これらの筋肉は、肩甲骨を後退させ、内側に回転させるのに役立ちます。

肩の筋肉は、肩の関節に安定性と可動性を提供します。
肩の前部の筋肉には、鎖骨下筋、小胸筋、および...

Education

JoVE Core

Anatomy and Physiology

解剖生理学

Unit 1

ユニット1

The Muscular System

筋系

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

主要用語と概念

shoulder girdle muscles and scapula motion

Shoulder girdle muscles stabilize the clavicle and scapula, and that support helps the humerus move efficiently. Scapular movement also works with humerus movement and extends the arm’s range of motion. Raising the arm overhead depends on upward rotation of the scapula.

The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and pectoralis minor. The serratus anterior, often called the boxer’s muscle, starts on the first to eighth or ninth ribs and inserts along the superior and inferior angle of the scapula and its medial border. It abducts the scapula and rotates it upward. When the scapula is fixed, it can also help elevate the ribs during punching. The pectoralis major connects the pectoral girdle to the thorax. It begins on the front surface of the upper margins of the second or third to fourth or fifth ribs and inserts on the coracoid process of the scapula. This muscle tilts the scapula forward, pulls it downward, and helps elevate the thorax during breathing.

The subclavius muscle starts on the first rib and ends on the lower surface of the lateral clavicle. Its main job is to stabilize the clavicle during shoulder and arm movement. It also depresses the clavicle and moves it forward.

The posterior thoracic muscles include the trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid minor, and rhomboid major. The trapezius is a broad, distinct muscle that begins on the external protuberance of the occipital bone, the ligamentum nuchae, and the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra and all thoracic vertebrae. It inserts on the lateral third of the clavicle, the acromion, and the spine of the scapula. Its upper fibers elevate the scapula and extend the neck, its middle fibers adduct the scapula, and its lower fibers depress the scapula.

The levator scapulae originates from the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae C1 to C4 and inserts on the upper part of the medial border of the scapula. It elevates the scapula, turns it downward, and helps bend the neck to the side. The rhomboid minor starts from the nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7 and T1, while the rhomboid major starts from the spinous processes of T2. Both insert on the vertebral border of the scapula, with the minor above the spine and the major below it. These muscles retract the scapula and rotate it medially.

Shoulder Girdle Muscles and Scapula Motion

shoulder-girdle-muscles-and-scapula-motion

the muscular system

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movement

The muscular system helps the body move, stay stable, and carry out internal work. It includes three kinds of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. Each type has a different role in the body. Skeletal muscles are under conscious control, so people can move them on purpose. They attach to bones by tendons, and their contraction and relaxation make actions like walking and lifting possible. These muscles also produce heat during physical activity, which helps maintain body...

fascicle arrangement in skeletal muscles

How Muscle Fiber Layout Shapes Movement

Skeletal muscle fascicles are bundles of muscle fibers, and their layout helps determine how a muscle moves. The way these fascicles are arranged affects both power and range of motion. Different arrangements give muscles different mechanical strengths. Parallel muscles have fascicles that run parallel to the long axis of the muscle. Common examples are the biceps brachii and the rectus abdominis. When these muscles contract, they shorten and become wider. They can shorten by about 30% of...

muscle coordination and action

Muscles That Work Together in Movement

Muscles work together to create smooth, purposeful movement. Actions such as flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation depend on this coordination. The body uses several muscles in a controlled way so joints and bones move as needed. Four functional roles help describe how muscles act during movement: agonist, antagonist, synergist, and fixator. An agonist, also called the prime mover, is the main muscle that produces a specific motion. During a bicep curl, the biceps brachii is...

naming skeletal muscles

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Skeletal muscle names are built from features that help identify each muscle. The names of the roughly 700 muscles in the human body can point to where a muscle is found, what it looks like, or how it works. That makes the names easier to learn and remember. Many muscle names describe the region of the body. The temporalis muscle is in the head region, while the brachialis is in the arm. Other names describe position and depth. Muscles near the surface may be called externus or superficialis,...

axial and appendicular muscles

Muscles for Movement and Body Support

Skeletal muscles support movement and body structure. They are grouped into axial muscles and appendicular muscles based on where they are found and what they do. Axial muscles lie along the body’s midline. They connect with the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum. These muscles help with facial expressions, head and neck movement, speaking, and eating. They also help control movement of the vertebral column with the back muscles. The trunk also contains...

muscles for facial expressions

How Facial Muscles Shape Expression

Facial muscles shape human expression by moving the skin of the face and scalp. These craniofacial muscles are thin skeletal muscles that lie just beneath the skin. They help create the nonverbal signals people use to show emotion and intention. There are about 20 of these muscles. Most begin on bones or fibrous parts of the skull and then extend outward to attach to the skin. They are called muscles of facial expression, or mimetic muscles, because they reflect feelings through movement. <br...

muscles of the eye

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muscles of the anterior neck

Anterior Neck Muscles by Region

The anterior neck muscles are grouped by where they sit in the front of the neck. They include superficial muscles, suprahyoid muscles, and infrahyoid muscles. This layout helps show how the neck muscles are organized around the hyoid bone. The superficial muscles are the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. They include the platysma and sternocleidomastoid, often called the SCM. The platysma is a broad, thin muscle that stretches from the chest and shoulders to the lower jaw and...

muscles that move the head

How Neck Muscles Guide Head Motion

Neck muscles guide head motion by working together to bend, turn, and lift the head. They help with rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending. The sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, plus the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are major head flexors. The SCM runs from the sternum and clavicle to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. When both SCM muscles contract, they bend the head forward. When only one side contracts, it bends the head toward that side or turns the head to the opposite...

muscles of the vertebral column

How Back Muscles Support Spine Movement

Back muscles that lie deep to the thoracolumbar fascia are called intrinsic, or true, back muscles. They are grouped into four layers. These layers are the superficial, intermediate, deep, and deepest layers. The superficial layer mainly includes the splenius muscles. These are the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis. They help move the head and cervical spine by supporting extension, rotation, and lateral bending. The splenius capitis runs from the upper thoracic and lower cervical...

muscles of the thorax

How Thorax Muscles Drive Breathing

Thorax muscles help breathing and support movement in the upper body. They also help keep the chest stable. Together, these muscles make the rib cage move while the lungs fill and empty. The diaphragm is the main breathing muscle in the thorax. It is a wide, dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. It starts below the rib cage and lumbar vertebrae and attaches to the central tendon. When it contracts, it flattens and moves downward. This increases the...

muscles of the abdomen

Abdominal Wall Muscles and Support

The abdominal wall muscles support the abdominal cavity and help protect the internal organs. This flexible wall is bordered by the xiphoid process and costal margins at the top, the vertebral column at the back, and the pelvic bones and inguinal ligament at the bottom. It is divided into the anterolateral region and the posterior region. The anterolateral region includes five paired muscles in two groups. The lateral group contains the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus...

muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum

Pelvic Floor Muscles and Continence

The pelvic floor and perineal muscles support the pelvic organs and help control continence. They also play roles in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. These muscles are usually divided into a superficial perineal layer and a deeper pelvic floor layer. The perineum is a diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm. It is split into an anterior urogenital triangle and a posterior anal triangle. The urogenital triangle contains the external genitals and includes the superficial...

muscles of the shoulder

Shoulder girdle muscles stabilize the clavicle and scapula, and that support helps the humerus move efficiently. Scapular movement also works with humerus movement and extends the arm’s range of motion. Raising the arm overhead depends on upward rotation of the scapula. The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and pectoralis minor. The serratus anterior, often called the boxer’s muscle, starts on the first to eighth or ninth ribs and inserts along the superior...

muscles that move the arm

Arm Muscles and Their Movements

Arm muscles move the humerus through flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. Nine muscles help produce these arm movements. Two of them, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, come from the axial skeleton. The other seven begin on the scapula and are called scapular muscles. The pectoralis major has two origins, or heads. Its clavicular head starts on the medial half of the clavicle. Its sternocostal head starts on the costal cartilages of ribs 1 through 6, the sternum, and...

muscles that move the forearm

Forearm Muscles for Elbow and Rotation

Forearm muscles help the arm bend, straighten, and rotate at the elbow and radioulnar joints. They are grouped as forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint. The pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints. The forearm flexors are the biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis. The biceps brachii has two heads. Its long head begins at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, and its short head...

muscles of the forearm that move the hand and fingers

muscles-of-the-forearm-that-move-the-hand-and-fingers

Forearm Flexors, Extensors, and Wrist Support

The forearm muscles that move the wrist, hand, and fingers are grouped into anterior and posterior compartments. These muscles work together to bend, straighten, and stabilize the hand and digits. They also connect to the bones of the wrist and hand in organized layers. The anterior compartment contains the flexor muscles. These muscles usually start at the humerus and attach to the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus,...

muscles that move the thigh

Hip Muscles That Move the Thigh

Hip muscles control thigh movement by connecting the pelvic girdle to the femur. The iliopsoas is one key muscle group. It is made of the psoas major and iliacus muscles. Both share a common insertion on the lesser trochanter of the femur. The gluteal muscles also play major roles. The gluteus maximus starts on the posterior ilium, sacrum, coccyx, and thoracolumbar fascia. It inserts on the iliotibial tract and the gluteal tuberosity of the femur. This muscle is the chief extensor of the femur.

muscles that move the leg

Thigh Muscles Behind Leg Motion

Thigh muscles help move the leg through flexion, extension, adduction, and rotation. They are grouped into the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh. Each group supports a different part of leg motion at the hip and knee. The anterior compartment includes the quadriceps femoris, the most visible thigh muscle group. It helps extend the leg and flex the thigh. The quadriceps is made of four muscles: vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris.

muscles of the leg that move the foot and toes

muscles-of-the-leg-that-move-the-foot-and-toes

Leg Muscle Groups for Foot Motion

The leg muscles that move the foot and toes are organized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments. Each compartment has a distinct set of muscles with its own actions. Together, they control dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion, and toe movement. The anterior compartment includes the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and fibularis tertius. The tibialis anterior runs along the lateral surface of the tibia, is easy to feel, and...

key terms and concepts

Learn how shoulder girdle muscles stabilize the scapula, support arm motion, and help with breathing, punching, and shoulder rotation.

Shoulder Girdle Muscles and Scapula Motion | JoVE K12

anatomy and physiology

JoVE Core 解剖学と生理学では、人体の解剖学的および生理学的な詳細を、包括的で明確で魅力的なビデオ アニメーションで紹介します。このレッスン集は、人体の構造、コンポーネント、機能、要件に焦点を当てています。この知識を実際の医療および研究現場で応用することを実証する科学者による実際のビデオによって補完されています。

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Shoulder Girdle Muscles and Scapula Motion

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