Name: leg muscle groups for foot motion
Uploaded: 2024-03-28T14:28:28.000Z
Duration: 1 min 28 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Florida Department of Education

High School

Life Science

SC.912.L.14

SC.912.L.14.20

muscles-of-the-leg-that-move-the-foot-and-toes

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

足とつま先を動かす下肢の筋肉は、前部、外側、および後部のコンパートメントに分けることができます。
前部コンパートメントには、前脛骨筋、長腿母襟筋、長指伸筋、および腓骨筋が含まれます。
これらの筋肉は足を背屈させます。前脛骨筋は反転し、腓骨筋はそれを吟味します。さらに、長母趾伸筋と長指伸筋は、それぞれ足の親指と他の足指を伸ばします。
横方向のコンパートメントには、足底が曲がり、足を曲げる長筋と長筋の腓骨が収納されています。
後部コンパートメントの筋肉は、表層と深層に分かれています。
後面層には腓腹筋とヒラメ筋があり、足底屈曲が可能です。腓腹筋も脚を曲げます。足底は、ペアで存在する可能性のある小さな筋肉であり、足底は足を曲げます。
後部深層筋は、脛骨を内側に回転させる膝窩筋を除いて、足を足底に曲げます。
さらに、長芯屈筋と長腿屈筋は、それぞれ足の親指と他の足指を曲げます。後脛骨筋は足を回外します。

足とつま先を動かす脚の筋肉

人の脚は、足とつま先の動きを容易にする多数な骨格筋システムによって構成されている。筋肉は前部、側部、後部のコンパートメントに分けられ、各筋が特定の機能を実行する独自の動作機能を持ち合わせている。

前区画

前区画には、足の背屈に寄与する筋肉が含まれており、 この区画には、前脛骨筋、長母趾伸筋、長趾伸筋が含まれている。 前脛骨筋は脛骨の側面に沿って位置しており、容易に触ることができる、最も厚い筋肉である。 前脛骨筋も足の内反運動をおこなう。 さらに、長母趾伸筋と長趾伸筋は、それぞれ足の親指と他の足の指を伸ばします能をもっている。 長趾伸筋と同じく第三腓骨筋もここにあり、足を裏返す動作を持っている。

医学的に内側脛骨ストレス症候群として知られているシンスプリントは、アスリート、特にランナーやダンサーによく見られる疾患である。 これは、前部筋肉の過度の使用と反復的なストレスによって引き起こされており、 予防策として、定期的なストレッチ、筋力トレーニング、適切な靴の選択などが推奨されている。

側面コンパートメント

外側区画には長腓骨筋と短腓骨筋がある。 長腓骨筋は、2 つの筋肉のうち、より長く、より表層にある筋肉である。腓骨の頭と上部、下腿の 2 つの骨の外側で薄い部分、および隣接する筋間中隔から始まっている。 長腓骨筋の真下にある短腓骨筋はより短く、腓骨の下 3 分の 2の部位 から始まっている。 これら 2 つの筋肉は、足の底屈と外転に関与している。

後部区画

後部区画はさらに表層筋群と深層筋群に分けられる。 表在筋群には、腓腹筋、ヒラメ筋、足底筋（一般にふくらはぎの筋肉と呼ばれます）が含まれている。 これらの筋肉は、足首の踵骨に付着する体の最も丈夫な腱であるアキレス腱と平行している。 直立姿勢はこれらの筋肉の大きさに起因していると考えられている。 腓腹筋はふくらはぎの突出した部分を形成しており、ヒラメ筋は腓腹筋の下にあり、平らで広い外観をもっている。 足底筋は、これら 2 つの筋肉の間に位置する小さな筋肉ですが、一部の人には存在しない事もある。

後部区画の深部には、膝窩筋、後脛骨筋、長趾屈筋、長母趾屈筋がある。 膝窩は膝窩の底を形成している。 後脛骨筋は後区画の最も深い筋肉で、長趾屈筋と長母趾屈筋の間に位置する。 指節間関節で親指だけを曲げているにもかかわらず、長母趾屈筋は他の4本の指を曲げる長趾屈筋よりも大きいとされている。

人間の脚は、足とつま先の動きを容易にする複雑な筋肉のシステムで構成されています。このシステム内では、筋肉は次のように分類されます...

Education

JoVE Core

Anatomy and Physiology

解剖生理学

Unit 1

ユニット1

The Muscular System

筋系

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

主要用語と概念

leg muscle groups for foot motion

The leg muscles that move the foot and toes are organized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments. Each compartment has a distinct set of muscles with its own actions. Together, they control dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion, and toe movement.

The anterior compartment includes the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and fibularis tertius. The tibialis anterior runs along the lateral surface of the tibia, is easy to feel, and is the thickest muscle in this group. It dorsiflexes the foot and also helps invert it. The extensor hallucis longus extends the great toe, while the extensor digitorum longus extends the other toes. The fibularis tertius comes from the same source as the extensor digitorum longus and helps evert the foot.

This compartment is also linked to shin splints, which are called medial tibial stress syndrome. It is a common problem in athletes, especially runners and dancers. It is caused by overuse and repeated stress on the anterior compartment muscles. Regular stretching, strength training, and proper footwear can help prevent it.

The lateral compartment contains the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis. The fibularis longus is the longer and more superficial muscle. It starts at the head and upper part of the fibula, which is the outer and thinner lower-leg bone, along with nearby intermuscular septa. The fibularis brevis lies beneath it and begins on the lower two-thirds of the fibula. These muscles help plantar flex and evert the foot.

The posterior compartment is divided into superficial and deep muscle groups. The superficial group includes the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris, which are often called the calf muscles. These muscles share the Achilles tendon, the strongest tendon in the body, and it attaches to the calcaneal bone at the ankle. Their size helps support the upright human stance. The gastrocnemius makes up the main bulge of the calf, the soleus lies beneath it and has a flat, broad shape, and the plantaris is a small muscle between them that is absent in some people.

The deep posterior compartment includes the popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus. The popliteus forms the floor of the popliteal fossa. The tibialis posterior is the deepest muscle in this compartment and lies between the flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus. The flexor hallucis longus flexes the big toe at the interphalangeal joint, and it is larger than the flexor digitorum longus, which flexes the other four toes.

Leg Muscle Groups for Foot Motion

the muscular system

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movement

The muscular system helps the body move, stay stable, and carry out internal work. It includes three kinds of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. Each type has a different role in the body. Skeletal muscles are under conscious control, so people can move them on purpose. They attach to bones by tendons, and their contraction and relaxation make actions like walking and lifting possible. These muscles also produce heat during physical activity, which helps maintain body...

fascicle arrangement in skeletal muscles

How Muscle Fiber Layout Shapes Movement

Skeletal muscle fascicles are bundles of muscle fibers, and their layout helps determine how a muscle moves. The way these fascicles are arranged affects both power and range of motion. Different arrangements give muscles different mechanical strengths. Parallel muscles have fascicles that run parallel to the long axis of the muscle. Common examples are the biceps brachii and the rectus abdominis. When these muscles contract, they shorten and become wider. They can shorten by about 30% of...

muscle coordination and action

Muscles That Work Together in Movement

Muscles work together to create smooth, purposeful movement. Actions such as flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation depend on this coordination. The body uses several muscles in a controlled way so joints and bones move as needed. Four functional roles help describe how muscles act during movement: agonist, antagonist, synergist, and fixator. An agonist, also called the prime mover, is the main muscle that produces a specific motion. During a bicep curl, the biceps brachii is...

naming skeletal muscles

How Muscles Get Their Names

Skeletal muscle names are built from features that help identify each muscle. The names of the roughly 700 muscles in the human body can point to where a muscle is found, what it looks like, or how it works. That makes the names easier to learn and remember. Many muscle names describe the region of the body. The temporalis muscle is in the head region, while the brachialis is in the arm. Other names describe position and depth. Muscles near the surface may be called externus or superficialis,...

axial and appendicular muscles

Muscles for Movement and Body Support

Skeletal muscles support movement and body structure. They are grouped into axial muscles and appendicular muscles based on where they are found and what they do. Axial muscles lie along the body’s midline. They connect with the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum. These muscles help with facial expressions, head and neck movement, speaking, and eating. They also help control movement of the vertebral column with the back muscles. The trunk also contains...

muscles for facial expressions

How Facial Muscles Shape Expression

Facial muscles shape human expression by moving the skin of the face and scalp. These craniofacial muscles are thin skeletal muscles that lie just beneath the skin. They help create the nonverbal signals people use to show emotion and intention. There are about 20 of these muscles. Most begin on bones or fibrous parts of the skull and then extend outward to attach to the skin. They are called muscles of facial expression, or mimetic muscles, because they reflect feelings through movement. <br...

muscles of the eye

Eye Muscles and How They Focus

The eye muscles control movement, focus, and eyelid opening. The human eye uses ten muscles: six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one main eyelid retractor muscle. The six extraocular muscles sit around the eyeball and move it in different directions. The lateral rectus pulls the eye outward, and the medial rectus turns it inward toward the nose. The superior rectus and inferior rectus move the eye up and down, while the superior oblique and inferior oblique rotate the eye.

muscles of the anterior neck

Anterior Neck Muscles by Region

The anterior neck muscles are grouped by where they sit in the front of the neck. They include superficial muscles, suprahyoid muscles, and infrahyoid muscles. This layout helps show how the neck muscles are organized around the hyoid bone. The superficial muscles are the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. They include the platysma and sternocleidomastoid, often called the SCM. The platysma is a broad, thin muscle that stretches from the chest and shoulders to the lower jaw and...

muscles that move the head

How Neck Muscles Guide Head Motion

Neck muscles guide head motion by working together to bend, turn, and lift the head. They help with rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending. The sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, plus the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are major head flexors. The SCM runs from the sternum and clavicle to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. When both SCM muscles contract, they bend the head forward. When only one side contracts, it bends the head toward that side or turns the head to the opposite...

muscles of the vertebral column

How Back Muscles Support Spine Movement

Back muscles that lie deep to the thoracolumbar fascia are called intrinsic, or true, back muscles. They are grouped into four layers. These layers are the superficial, intermediate, deep, and deepest layers. The superficial layer mainly includes the splenius muscles. These are the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis. They help move the head and cervical spine by supporting extension, rotation, and lateral bending. The splenius capitis runs from the upper thoracic and lower cervical...

muscles of the thorax

How Thorax Muscles Drive Breathing

Thorax muscles help breathing and support movement in the upper body. They also help keep the chest stable. Together, these muscles make the rib cage move while the lungs fill and empty. The diaphragm is the main breathing muscle in the thorax. It is a wide, dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. It starts below the rib cage and lumbar vertebrae and attaches to the central tendon. When it contracts, it flattens and moves downward. This increases the...

muscles of the abdomen

Abdominal Wall Muscles and Support

The abdominal wall muscles support the abdominal cavity and help protect the internal organs. This flexible wall is bordered by the xiphoid process and costal margins at the top, the vertebral column at the back, and the pelvic bones and inguinal ligament at the bottom. It is divided into the anterolateral region and the posterior region. The anterolateral region includes five paired muscles in two groups. The lateral group contains the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus...

muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum

Pelvic Floor Muscles and Continence

The pelvic floor and perineal muscles support the pelvic organs and help control continence. They also play roles in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. These muscles are usually divided into a superficial perineal layer and a deeper pelvic floor layer. The perineum is a diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm. It is split into an anterior urogenital triangle and a posterior anal triangle. The urogenital triangle contains the external genitals and includes the superficial...

muscles of the shoulder

Shoulder Girdle Muscles and Scapula Motion

Shoulder girdle muscles stabilize the clavicle and scapula, and that support helps the humerus move efficiently. Scapular movement also works with humerus movement and extends the arm’s range of motion. Raising the arm overhead depends on upward rotation of the scapula. The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and pectoralis minor. The serratus anterior, often called the boxer’s muscle, starts on the first to eighth or ninth ribs and inserts along the superior...

muscles that move the arm

Arm Muscles and Their Movements

Arm muscles move the humerus through flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. Nine muscles help produce these arm movements. Two of them, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, come from the axial skeleton. The other seven begin on the scapula and are called scapular muscles. The pectoralis major has two origins, or heads. Its clavicular head starts on the medial half of the clavicle. Its sternocostal head starts on the costal cartilages of ribs 1 through 6, the sternum, and...

muscles that move the forearm

Forearm Muscles for Elbow and Rotation

Forearm muscles help the arm bend, straighten, and rotate at the elbow and radioulnar joints. They are grouped as forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint. The pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints. The forearm flexors are the biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis. The biceps brachii has two heads. Its long head begins at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, and its short head...

muscles of the forearm that move the hand and fingers

muscles-of-the-forearm-that-move-the-hand-and-fingers

Forearm Flexors, Extensors, and Wrist Support

The forearm muscles that move the wrist, hand, and fingers are grouped into anterior and posterior compartments. These muscles work together to bend, straighten, and stabilize the hand and digits. They also connect to the bones of the wrist and hand in organized layers. The anterior compartment contains the flexor muscles. These muscles usually start at the humerus and attach to the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus,...

muscles that move the thigh

Hip Muscles That Move the Thigh

Hip muscles control thigh movement by connecting the pelvic girdle to the femur. The iliopsoas is one key muscle group. It is made of the psoas major and iliacus muscles. Both share a common insertion on the lesser trochanter of the femur. The gluteal muscles also play major roles. The gluteus maximus starts on the posterior ilium, sacrum, coccyx, and thoracolumbar fascia. It inserts on the iliotibial tract and the gluteal tuberosity of the femur. This muscle is the chief extensor of the femur.

muscles that move the leg

Thigh Muscles Behind Leg Motion

Thigh muscles help move the leg through flexion, extension, adduction, and rotation. They are grouped into the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh. Each group supports a different part of leg motion at the hip and knee. The anterior compartment includes the quadriceps femoris, the most visible thigh muscle group. It helps extend the leg and flex the thigh. The quadriceps is made of four muscles: vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris.

muscles of the leg that move the foot and toes

The leg muscles that move the foot and toes are organized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments. Each compartment has a distinct set of muscles with its own actions. Together, they control dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion, and toe movement. The anterior compartment includes the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and fibularis tertius. The tibialis anterior runs along the lateral surface of the tibia, is easy to feel, and...

key terms and concepts

Learn how anterior, lateral, and posterior leg muscles move the foot and toes, including dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion, and toe flexion.

Leg Muscle Groups for Foot Motion | JoVE K12

anatomy and physiology

JoVE Core 解剖学と生理学では、人体の解剖学的および生理学的な詳細を、包括的で明確で魅力的なビデオ アニメーションで紹介します。このレッスン集は、人体の構造、コンポーネント、機能、要件に焦点を当てています。この知識を実際の医療および研究現場で応用することを実証する科学者による実際のビデオによって補完されています。

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Leg Muscle Groups for Foot Motion

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