Name: shoulder girdle muscles and scapula motion
Uploaded: 2024-03-28T14:28:28.000Z
Duration: 1 min 23 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Florida Department of Education

High School

Life Science

SC.912.L.14

SC.912.L.14.20

Muscles of the Shoulder

어깨 근육은 어깨 관절에 안정성과 이동성을 제공합니다.
어깨 앞쪽 근육에는 쇄골하근(subclavius), 작은가슴근(pectoralis minor), 전방(serratus anterior)이 있습니다.
쇄골하(subclavius)는 첫 번째 갈비뼈에서 쇄골까지 뻗어 있는 작은 근육으로, 어깨가 움직이는 동안 쇄골을 안정시킵니다.
대흉근(pectoralis major) 아래의 편평한 근육인 소흉근(pectoralis minor)은 견갑골을 앞쪽으로 기울이고 아래쪽으로 당깁니다. 또한 흉부를 들어 올려 호흡을 돕습니다.
흉부의 측면에 있는 부채꼴 모양의 근육인 세라투스 전방(serratus anterior)은 견갑골을 연장시켜 주먹으로 때리는 움직임을 돕습니다.
어깨 뒤쪽 근육에는 승모근, 견갑골 거근, 능형근 및 소근육이 포함됩니다.
큰 삼각형 근육인 승모근은 등과 목을 덮고 쇄골과 견갑골에 삽입됩니다. 그것은 견갑골을 들어 올리고, 수축시키고, 회전시키고, 쇄골을 들어 올리고, 목을 확장합니다.
견갑골 거근(levator scapulae)은 목 뒤쪽에 위치한 길쭉한 근육으로, 견갑골의 상승과 내전(adduction)에 기여합니다.
주요 및 소 능형 근육은 견갑골을 수축시키고 내측으로 회전시키는 데 도움이 됩니다.

어깨 근육

쇄골과 견갑골을 포함하여 견갑대를 둘러싼 근육은 주로 견갑골을 안정시킵니다. 이 안정적인 베이스는 다른 근육이 상완골을 효과적으로 움직일 수 있게 해줍니다. 견갑골 움직임은 종종 상완골의 움직임을 반영하고 그 움직임 범위를 확장합니다. 예를 들어, 팔을 머리 위로 올리는 것은 견갑골의 동시 상향 회전 없이는 불가능합니다.

전방 흉부 근육

앞가슴 근육에는 앞톱니근, 쇄골하근, 소가슴근이 포함됩니다. 복서의 근육으로 흔히 알려진 전거근은 첫 번째 갈비뼈부터 여덟 번째 또는 아홉 번째 갈비뼈까지 시작됩니다. 견갑골의 상하 각과 내측 경계를 따라 삽입됩니다. 이 근육은 견갑골을 외전하고 위쪽으로 회전시키는 데 중요합니다. 견갑골이 고정되면 갈비뼈를 들어 올려 펀치 동작을 돕습니다.

대흉근은 흉대와 흉곽을 연결합니다. 이는 두 번째 또는 세 번째에서 네 번째 또는 다섯 번째 갈비뼈의 위쪽 가장자리의 앞쪽 표면에서 시작되며 견갑골의 오구돌기에 삽입됩니다. 견갑골을 앞쪽으로 기울이고 아래쪽으로 당깁니다. 또한 흉곽을 높여 호흡을 돕습니다.

쇄골하 근육은 첫 번째 갈비뼈에서 시작하여 측면 쇄골의 아래쪽 표면에 삽입됩니다. 주요 기능은 어깨와 팔이 움직이는 동안 쇄골을 안정시키는 것입니다. 또한 쇄골을 하강시켜 전방으로 이동시킵니다.

후방 흉부 근육

후방 흉부 근육에는 승모근, 견갑거근, 마름모꼴 소근육 및 대근육이 포함됩니다. 승모근은 가장 넓고 가장 뚜렷한 근육 중 하나이며 경추 및 흉추 부위의 뼈 구조에 뿌리를 두고 있습니다. 근육은 후두골의 외부돌기, 목덜미인대, 제7경추 및 모든 흉추의 가시돌기에서 유래합니다. 견봉과 견갑골의 척추 외에 외측 1/3을 따라 쇄골에 삽입됩니다. 이는 상부, 중간, 하부 섬유의 세 부분으로 분류되며 각각 고유한 작업을 수행합니다. 상부 섬유는 견갑골을 들어올리고 목을 확장하며, 중간 섬유는 견갑골을 내전시키고, 하부 섬유는 견갑골을 내립니다.

견갑거근은 경추 C1-C4의 횡돌기에서 시작하여 내측 경계의 위쪽 부분에서 견갑골에 삽입됩니다. 견갑골을 들어올려 하방 회전을 유발합니다. 목을 옆으로 굽히는 효과도 있습니다.

경추 7번과 T1의 목덜미 인대와 극돌기에서 시작하여 척추 위쪽의 견갑골의 척추 경계에 삽입되는 작은 능형근입니다. 반면에, 대능형근은 T2의 극돌기에서 척추 아래의 견갑골의 척추 경계까지 시작됩니다. 이 근육은 견갑골을 수축시키고 내측으로 회전시키는 데 도움을 줍니다.

어깨 근육은 어깨 관절에 안정성과 이동성을 제공합니다.
앞쪽 어깨 근육에는 쇄골하근, 작은가슴근 및 ...

Education

교육

JoVE Core

Anatomy and Physiology

해부학 및 생리학

Unit 1

제1단원

The Muscular System

근육계

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

주요 용어 및 개념

shoulder girdle muscles and scapula motion

Shoulder girdle muscles stabilize the clavicle and scapula, and that support helps the humerus move efficiently. Scapular movement also works with humerus movement and extends the arm’s range of motion. Raising the arm overhead depends on upward rotation of the scapula.

The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and pectoralis minor. The serratus anterior, often called the boxer’s muscle, starts on the first to eighth or ninth ribs and inserts along the superior and inferior angle of the scapula and its medial border. It abducts the scapula and rotates it upward. When the scapula is fixed, it can also help elevate the ribs during punching. The pectoralis major connects the pectoral girdle to the thorax. It begins on the front surface of the upper margins of the second or third to fourth or fifth ribs and inserts on the coracoid process of the scapula. This muscle tilts the scapula forward, pulls it downward, and helps elevate the thorax during breathing.

The subclavius muscle starts on the first rib and ends on the lower surface of the lateral clavicle. Its main job is to stabilize the clavicle during shoulder and arm movement. It also depresses the clavicle and moves it forward.

The posterior thoracic muscles include the trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid minor, and rhomboid major. The trapezius is a broad, distinct muscle that begins on the external protuberance of the occipital bone, the ligamentum nuchae, and the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra and all thoracic vertebrae. It inserts on the lateral third of the clavicle, the acromion, and the spine of the scapula. Its upper fibers elevate the scapula and extend the neck, its middle fibers adduct the scapula, and its lower fibers depress the scapula.

The levator scapulae originates from the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae C1 to C4 and inserts on the upper part of the medial border of the scapula. It elevates the scapula, turns it downward, and helps bend the neck to the side. The rhomboid minor starts from the nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7 and T1, while the rhomboid major starts from the spinous processes of T2. Both insert on the vertebral border of the scapula, with the minor above the spine and the major below it. These muscles retract the scapula and rotate it medially.

Shoulder Girdle Muscles and Scapula Motion

shoulder-girdle-muscles-and-scapula-motion

the muscular system

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movement

The muscular system helps the body move, stay stable, and carry out internal work. It includes three kinds of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. Each type has a different role in the body. Skeletal muscles are under conscious control, so people can move them on purpose. They attach to bones by tendons, and their contraction and relaxation make actions like walking and lifting possible. These muscles also produce heat during physical activity, which helps maintain body...

fascicle arrangement in skeletal muscles

How Muscle Fiber Layout Shapes Movement

Skeletal muscle fascicles are bundles of muscle fibers, and their layout helps determine how a muscle moves. The way these fascicles are arranged affects both power and range of motion. Different arrangements give muscles different mechanical strengths. Parallel muscles have fascicles that run parallel to the long axis of the muscle. Common examples are the biceps brachii and the rectus abdominis. When these muscles contract, they shorten and become wider. They can shorten by about 30% of...

muscle coordination and action

Muscles That Work Together in Movement

Muscles work together to create smooth, purposeful movement. Actions such as flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation depend on this coordination. The body uses several muscles in a controlled way so joints and bones move as needed. Four functional roles help describe how muscles act during movement: agonist, antagonist, synergist, and fixator. An agonist, also called the prime mover, is the main muscle that produces a specific motion. During a bicep curl, the biceps brachii is...

naming skeletal muscles

How Muscles Get Their Names

Skeletal muscle names are built from features that help identify each muscle. The names of the roughly 700 muscles in the human body can point to where a muscle is found, what it looks like, or how it works. That makes the names easier to learn and remember. Many muscle names describe the region of the body. The temporalis muscle is in the head region, while the brachialis is in the arm. Other names describe position and depth. Muscles near the surface may be called externus or superficialis,...

axial and appendicular muscles

Muscles for Movement and Body Support

Skeletal muscles support movement and body structure. They are grouped into axial muscles and appendicular muscles based on where they are found and what they do. Axial muscles lie along the body’s midline. They connect with the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum. These muscles help with facial expressions, head and neck movement, speaking, and eating. They also help control movement of the vertebral column with the back muscles. The trunk also contains...

muscles for facial expressions

How Facial Muscles Shape Expression

Facial muscles shape human expression by moving the skin of the face and scalp. These craniofacial muscles are thin skeletal muscles that lie just beneath the skin. They help create the nonverbal signals people use to show emotion and intention. There are about 20 of these muscles. Most begin on bones or fibrous parts of the skull and then extend outward to attach to the skin. They are called muscles of facial expression, or mimetic muscles, because they reflect feelings through movement. <br...

muscles of the eye

Eye Muscles and How They Focus

The eye muscles control movement, focus, and eyelid opening. The human eye uses ten muscles: six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one main eyelid retractor muscle. The six extraocular muscles sit around the eyeball and move it in different directions. The lateral rectus pulls the eye outward, and the medial rectus turns it inward toward the nose. The superior rectus and inferior rectus move the eye up and down, while the superior oblique and inferior oblique rotate the eye.

muscles of the anterior neck

Anterior Neck Muscles by Region

The anterior neck muscles are grouped by where they sit in the front of the neck. They include superficial muscles, suprahyoid muscles, and infrahyoid muscles. This layout helps show how the neck muscles are organized around the hyoid bone. The superficial muscles are the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. They include the platysma and sternocleidomastoid, often called the SCM. The platysma is a broad, thin muscle that stretches from the chest and shoulders to the lower jaw and...

muscles that move the head

How Neck Muscles Guide Head Motion

Neck muscles guide head motion by working together to bend, turn, and lift the head. They help with rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending. The sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, plus the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are major head flexors. The SCM runs from the sternum and clavicle to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. When both SCM muscles contract, they bend the head forward. When only one side contracts, it bends the head toward that side or turns the head to the opposite...

muscles of the vertebral column

How Back Muscles Support Spine Movement

Back muscles that lie deep to the thoracolumbar fascia are called intrinsic, or true, back muscles. They are grouped into four layers. These layers are the superficial, intermediate, deep, and deepest layers. The superficial layer mainly includes the splenius muscles. These are the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis. They help move the head and cervical spine by supporting extension, rotation, and lateral bending. The splenius capitis runs from the upper thoracic and lower cervical...

muscles of the thorax

How Thorax Muscles Drive Breathing

Thorax muscles help breathing and support movement in the upper body. They also help keep the chest stable. Together, these muscles make the rib cage move while the lungs fill and empty. The diaphragm is the main breathing muscle in the thorax. It is a wide, dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. It starts below the rib cage and lumbar vertebrae and attaches to the central tendon. When it contracts, it flattens and moves downward. This increases the...

muscles of the abdomen

Abdominal Wall Muscles and Support

The abdominal wall muscles support the abdominal cavity and help protect the internal organs. This flexible wall is bordered by the xiphoid process and costal margins at the top, the vertebral column at the back, and the pelvic bones and inguinal ligament at the bottom. It is divided into the anterolateral region and the posterior region. The anterolateral region includes five paired muscles in two groups. The lateral group contains the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus...

muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum

Pelvic Floor Muscles and Continence

The pelvic floor and perineal muscles support the pelvic organs and help control continence. They also play roles in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. These muscles are usually divided into a superficial perineal layer and a deeper pelvic floor layer. The perineum is a diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm. It is split into an anterior urogenital triangle and a posterior anal triangle. The urogenital triangle contains the external genitals and includes the superficial...

muscles of the shoulder

Shoulder girdle muscles stabilize the clavicle and scapula, and that support helps the humerus move efficiently. Scapular movement also works with humerus movement and extends the arm’s range of motion. Raising the arm overhead depends on upward rotation of the scapula. The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and pectoralis minor. The serratus anterior, often called the boxer’s muscle, starts on the first to eighth or ninth ribs and inserts along the superior...

muscles that move the arm

Arm Muscles and Their Movements

Arm muscles move the humerus through flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. Nine muscles help produce these arm movements. Two of them, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, come from the axial skeleton. The other seven begin on the scapula and are called scapular muscles. The pectoralis major has two origins, or heads. Its clavicular head starts on the medial half of the clavicle. Its sternocostal head starts on the costal cartilages of ribs 1 through 6, the sternum, and...

muscles that move the forearm

Forearm Muscles for Elbow and Rotation

Forearm muscles help the arm bend, straighten, and rotate at the elbow and radioulnar joints. They are grouped as forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint. The pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints. The forearm flexors are the biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis. The biceps brachii has two heads. Its long head begins at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, and its short head...

muscles of the forearm that move the hand and fingers

muscles-of-the-forearm-that-move-the-hand-and-fingers

Forearm Flexors, Extensors, and Wrist Support

The forearm muscles that move the wrist, hand, and fingers are grouped into anterior and posterior compartments. These muscles work together to bend, straighten, and stabilize the hand and digits. They also connect to the bones of the wrist and hand in organized layers. The anterior compartment contains the flexor muscles. These muscles usually start at the humerus and attach to the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus,...

muscles that move the thigh

Hip Muscles That Move the Thigh

Hip muscles control thigh movement by connecting the pelvic girdle to the femur. The iliopsoas is one key muscle group. It is made of the psoas major and iliacus muscles. Both share a common insertion on the lesser trochanter of the femur. The gluteal muscles also play major roles. The gluteus maximus starts on the posterior ilium, sacrum, coccyx, and thoracolumbar fascia. It inserts on the iliotibial tract and the gluteal tuberosity of the femur. This muscle is the chief extensor of the femur.

muscles that move the leg

Thigh Muscles Behind Leg Motion

Thigh muscles help move the leg through flexion, extension, adduction, and rotation. They are grouped into the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh. Each group supports a different part of leg motion at the hip and knee. The anterior compartment includes the quadriceps femoris, the most visible thigh muscle group. It helps extend the leg and flex the thigh. The quadriceps is made of four muscles: vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris.

muscles of the leg that move the foot and toes

muscles-of-the-leg-that-move-the-foot-and-toes

Leg Muscle Groups for Foot Motion

The leg muscles that move the foot and toes are organized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments. Each compartment has a distinct set of muscles with its own actions. Together, they control dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion, and toe movement. The anterior compartment includes the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and fibularis tertius. The tibialis anterior runs along the lateral surface of the tibia, is easy to feel, and...

key terms and concepts

Learn how shoulder girdle muscles stabilize the scapula, support arm motion, and help with breathing, punching, and shoulder rotation.

Shoulder Girdle Muscles and Scapula Motion | JoVE K12

anatomy and physiology

JoVE Core Anatomy and Physiology showcases the anatomical and physiological details of the human body in comprehensive, clear, and engaging video animations. This collection of lessons focuses on the structures, components, functions, and requirements of the human body. It is complemented by scientist-in-action videos that demonstrate the application of this knowledge in real-world medical and research settings.

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SC.912.L.14.1

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Microtubules

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Membrane Fluidity

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Relate structure to function for the components of plant and animal cells. Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (passive and active transport).

SC.912.L.14.2

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Background
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Compare and contrast the general structures of plant and animal cells. Compare and contrast the general structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

SC.912.L.14.3

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Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread ...

Compare and contrast structure and function of various types of microscopes.

SC.912.L.14.4

comparing-mitochondrial-chloroplast-and-prokaryotic-genomes

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new ...

the-tree-of-life-bacteria-archaea-eukaryotes

The Tree of Life - Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes

The &#8220;tree of life&#8221; describes the evolution of life and the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The root of the tree is the common ...

The Anatomy of Chloroplasts

Green algae and plants, including green stems and unripe fruit, harbor specialized organelles called chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis. They ...

Explain the evidence supporting the scientific theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells (endosymbiosis).

SC.912.L.14.5

A. Cells have characteristic structures and functions that make them distinctive.

B. Processes in a cell can be classified broadly as growth, maintenance, reproduction, and homeostasis.

C. Life can be organized in a functional and structural hierarchy ranging from cells to the biosphere.

D. Most multicellular organisms are composed of organ systems whose structures reflect their particular function.

Shoulder Girdle Muscles and Scapula Motion

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