Name: thigh muscles behind leg motion
Uploaded: 2024-03-28T14:28:28.000Z
Duration: 1 min 23 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Florida Department of Education

High School

Life Science

SC.912.L.14

SC.912.L.14.20

Muscles that Move the Leg

다리를 움직이는 근육은 허벅지의 전방, 내측, 후방에 있습니다.
대퇴사두근(quadriceps femoris)은 가장 두드러진 전방 구획 근육입니다. 그것은 vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius 및 rectus femoris 근육으로 구성됩니다. 주요 기능은 무릎 확장입니다. 
사토리우스 근육은 전방 구획에도 존재합니다. 무릎을 구부리고 고관절에서 허벅지 측면 회전을 일으키며 다리를 꼬고 앉는 데 도움이 되기 때문에 재단사 근육이라고 합니다.
내측 구획에 있는 끈 모양의 근육인 gracilis는 무릎 관절에서 다리를 구부립니다. 또한 허벅지를 내전하고 내측으로 회전시킵니다. 
후방 구획 근육은 무릎에서 굴곡을 일으키고 엉덩이에서 신전을 유발합니다.
뒤쪽 구획에는 세 개의 햄스트링 근육, 즉 대퇴이두근(biceps femoris), 반건근(semitendinosus), 반막(semimembranosus)이 있습니다. 이러한 근육이 찢어지는 햄스트링은 흔한 스포츠 부상입니다.
슬와골은 다리 움직임을 돕는 무릎 관절의 뒤쪽에 위치한 작은 근육입니다. 그것은 경골의 내측 회전을 일으켜 굴곡 중에 확장된 무릎을 잠금 해제합니다.

다리를 움직이는 근육

다리의 움직임은 허벅지의 앞쪽, 안쪽, 뒤쪽 구획에 위치한 수많은 근육에 의해 촉진됩니다.

전방 구획

앞쪽 구획에서 가장 눈에 띄는 근육인 대퇴사두근은 다리 확장과 허벅지 굴곡에 필수적입니다. 이는 외측광근, 내측광근, 중간광근, 대퇴직근의 네 가지 서로 다른 근육이 합쳐져 형성됩니다. 네 개의 대퇴사두근이 공유하는 힘줄인 대퇴사두근 힘줄은 슬개골에 부착되어 있습니다. 이 힘줄은 슬개골 너머로 확장되어 경골 결절에 단단히 부착되는 슬개골 인대로 변형됩니다. 또한, 전방 구획에는 무릎 굴곡과 엉덩이 측면 회전에 관여하는 봉공근이 있습니다. 책상다리를 하고 앉을 수 있게 해주며, 그 기능을 반영해 '재단사의 근육'이라는 별명이 붙었습니다.

내측 구획

내전근 구획으로도 알려진 허벅지의 내측 구획에는 박근근, 장내전근, 단내전근, 대내전근 및 외폐쇄근을 포함한 여러 주요 근육이 있습니다. 허벅지 근육 중 가장 표면적이고 안쪽에 있는 박근은 길고 끈 같은 모양으로 알려져 있습니다. 이는 주로 허벅지를 내전하고, 다리를 굽히고, 무릎을 굽힐 때 경골을 내회전시키는 데 도움이 됩니다. 장내전근은 종종 내전근의 가장 앞쪽에 위치하며 치골에서 시작하여 대퇴골의 고관절의 중간 1/3까지 확장됩니다. 단내전근은 깊숙이 위치하며 장내전근과 함께 작용하여 허벅지를 내전하고 내회전시킵니다. 치골에서 대퇴골까지 더 짧고 더 비스듬한 코스를 가지고 있습니다.

후방 구획

뒤쪽 구획에는 세 개의 햄스트링 근육(대퇴이두근, 반건양근, 반막양근)을 포함하여 무릎의 굴곡과 엉덩이의 신전을 가능하게 하는 근육이 있습니다. 햄스트링 파열 또는 "당겨진 햄스트링"은 다리 움직임에 크게 관여하기 때문에 스포츠에서 흔히 발생합니다. 무릎 뒤쪽의 다이아몬드 모양 부위인 슬와는 다양한 힘줄에 의해 설정된 경계로 정의됩니다. 이는 대퇴이두근 힘줄의 양쪽 측면에 있고 반건양근 및 반막양근 힘줄의 내측 경계를 이루고 있습니다.

마지막으로, 슬와근은 무릎 뒤쪽에 위치한 작은 삼각형 근육입니다. 무릎 굴곡을 시작하고 관절에 안정성을 제공하는 데 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있습니다. 대퇴골의 외측과두(대퇴골 외측과)에서 시작하여 무릎관절 바로 아래 경골의 후면에 삽입됩니다. 이는 굴곡 중에 무릎을 잠금 해제하는 핵심 메커니즘인 경골의 내측 회전을 유발하여 다리 움직임에 기여합니다.

다리의 움직임은 허벅지의 전방, 내측 및 후방 구획에 위치한 수많은 근육에 의해 촉진됩니다.
앞쪽...

Education

교육

JoVE Core

Anatomy and Physiology

해부학 및 생리학

Unit 1

제1단원

The Muscular System

근육계

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

주요 용어 및 개념

thigh muscles behind leg motion

Thigh muscles help move the leg through flexion, extension, adduction, and rotation. They are grouped into the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh. Each group supports a different part of leg motion at the hip and knee.

The anterior compartment includes the quadriceps femoris, the most visible thigh muscle group. It helps extend the leg and flex the thigh. The quadriceps is made of four muscles: vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. Their shared quadriceps tendon attaches to the patella, or kneecap. The tendon continues below the patella as the patellar ligament, which attaches to the tibial tuberosity.

This front compartment also contains the sartorius muscle. Sartorius helps flex the knee and rotate the hip laterally. It is the muscle that lets a person sit cross-legged. Because of that position, it is often called the tailor’s muscle.

The medial compartment is also called the adductor compartment. It includes the gracilis, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, and obturator externus. The gracilis is the most superficial and medial thigh muscle. It has a long, strap-like shape and helps adduct the thigh, flex the leg, and medially rotate the tibia during knee flexion. The adductor longus lies near the front of this group and runs from the pubis to the middle third of the linea aspera on the femur. The adductor brevis is deeper and works with the adductor longus to adduct and medially rotate the thigh.

The posterior compartment contains the hamstrings. These are the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus. They help flex the knee and extend the hip. Hamstring tears, often called pulled hamstrings, are common in sports because these muscles are heavily used during leg movement. The popliteal fossa is the diamond-shaped space behind the knee. It is bordered by the biceps femoris tendons on the sides and by the semitendinosus and semimembranosus tendons on the medial side.

The popliteus is a small triangular muscle at the back of the knee. It helps start knee flexion and stabilizes the joint. It begins on the lateral femoral condyle and attaches to the back of the tibia below the knee joint. It also medially rotates the tibia, which helps unlock the knee during flexion.

Thigh Muscles Behind Leg Motion

the muscular system

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movement

The muscular system helps the body move, stay stable, and carry out internal work. It includes three kinds of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. Each type has a different role in the body. Skeletal muscles are under conscious control, so people can move them on purpose. They attach to bones by tendons, and their contraction and relaxation make actions like walking and lifting possible. These muscles also produce heat during physical activity, which helps maintain body...

fascicle arrangement in skeletal muscles

How Muscle Fiber Layout Shapes Movement

Skeletal muscle fascicles are bundles of muscle fibers, and their layout helps determine how a muscle moves. The way these fascicles are arranged affects both power and range of motion. Different arrangements give muscles different mechanical strengths. Parallel muscles have fascicles that run parallel to the long axis of the muscle. Common examples are the biceps brachii and the rectus abdominis. When these muscles contract, they shorten and become wider. They can shorten by about 30% of...

muscle coordination and action

Muscles That Work Together in Movement

Muscles work together to create smooth, purposeful movement. Actions such as flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation depend on this coordination. The body uses several muscles in a controlled way so joints and bones move as needed. Four functional roles help describe how muscles act during movement: agonist, antagonist, synergist, and fixator. An agonist, also called the prime mover, is the main muscle that produces a specific motion. During a bicep curl, the biceps brachii is...

naming skeletal muscles

How Muscles Get Their Names

Skeletal muscle names are built from features that help identify each muscle. The names of the roughly 700 muscles in the human body can point to where a muscle is found, what it looks like, or how it works. That makes the names easier to learn and remember. Many muscle names describe the region of the body. The temporalis muscle is in the head region, while the brachialis is in the arm. Other names describe position and depth. Muscles near the surface may be called externus or superficialis,...

axial and appendicular muscles

Muscles for Movement and Body Support

Skeletal muscles support movement and body structure. They are grouped into axial muscles and appendicular muscles based on where they are found and what they do. Axial muscles lie along the body’s midline. They connect with the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum. These muscles help with facial expressions, head and neck movement, speaking, and eating. They also help control movement of the vertebral column with the back muscles. The trunk also contains...

muscles for facial expressions

How Facial Muscles Shape Expression

Facial muscles shape human expression by moving the skin of the face and scalp. These craniofacial muscles are thin skeletal muscles that lie just beneath the skin. They help create the nonverbal signals people use to show emotion and intention. There are about 20 of these muscles. Most begin on bones or fibrous parts of the skull and then extend outward to attach to the skin. They are called muscles of facial expression, or mimetic muscles, because they reflect feelings through movement. <br...

muscles of the eye

Eye Muscles and How They Focus

The eye muscles control movement, focus, and eyelid opening. The human eye uses ten muscles: six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one main eyelid retractor muscle. The six extraocular muscles sit around the eyeball and move it in different directions. The lateral rectus pulls the eye outward, and the medial rectus turns it inward toward the nose. The superior rectus and inferior rectus move the eye up and down, while the superior oblique and inferior oblique rotate the eye.

muscles of the anterior neck

Anterior Neck Muscles by Region

The anterior neck muscles are grouped by where they sit in the front of the neck. They include superficial muscles, suprahyoid muscles, and infrahyoid muscles. This layout helps show how the neck muscles are organized around the hyoid bone. The superficial muscles are the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. They include the platysma and sternocleidomastoid, often called the SCM. The platysma is a broad, thin muscle that stretches from the chest and shoulders to the lower jaw and...

muscles that move the head

How Neck Muscles Guide Head Motion

Neck muscles guide head motion by working together to bend, turn, and lift the head. They help with rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending. The sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, plus the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are major head flexors. The SCM runs from the sternum and clavicle to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. When both SCM muscles contract, they bend the head forward. When only one side contracts, it bends the head toward that side or turns the head to the opposite...

muscles of the vertebral column

How Back Muscles Support Spine Movement

Back muscles that lie deep to the thoracolumbar fascia are called intrinsic, or true, back muscles. They are grouped into four layers. These layers are the superficial, intermediate, deep, and deepest layers. The superficial layer mainly includes the splenius muscles. These are the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis. They help move the head and cervical spine by supporting extension, rotation, and lateral bending. The splenius capitis runs from the upper thoracic and lower cervical...

muscles of the thorax

How Thorax Muscles Drive Breathing

Thorax muscles help breathing and support movement in the upper body. They also help keep the chest stable. Together, these muscles make the rib cage move while the lungs fill and empty. The diaphragm is the main breathing muscle in the thorax. It is a wide, dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. It starts below the rib cage and lumbar vertebrae and attaches to the central tendon. When it contracts, it flattens and moves downward. This increases the...

muscles of the abdomen

Abdominal Wall Muscles and Support

The abdominal wall muscles support the abdominal cavity and help protect the internal organs. This flexible wall is bordered by the xiphoid process and costal margins at the top, the vertebral column at the back, and the pelvic bones and inguinal ligament at the bottom. It is divided into the anterolateral region and the posterior region. The anterolateral region includes five paired muscles in two groups. The lateral group contains the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus...

muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum

Pelvic Floor Muscles and Continence

The pelvic floor and perineal muscles support the pelvic organs and help control continence. They also play roles in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. These muscles are usually divided into a superficial perineal layer and a deeper pelvic floor layer. The perineum is a diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm. It is split into an anterior urogenital triangle and a posterior anal triangle. The urogenital triangle contains the external genitals and includes the superficial...

muscles of the shoulder

Shoulder Girdle Muscles and Scapula Motion

Shoulder girdle muscles stabilize the clavicle and scapula, and that support helps the humerus move efficiently. Scapular movement also works with humerus movement and extends the arm’s range of motion. Raising the arm overhead depends on upward rotation of the scapula. The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and pectoralis minor. The serratus anterior, often called the boxer’s muscle, starts on the first to eighth or ninth ribs and inserts along the superior...

muscles that move the arm

Arm Muscles and Their Movements

Arm muscles move the humerus through flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. Nine muscles help produce these arm movements. Two of them, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, come from the axial skeleton. The other seven begin on the scapula and are called scapular muscles. The pectoralis major has two origins, or heads. Its clavicular head starts on the medial half of the clavicle. Its sternocostal head starts on the costal cartilages of ribs 1 through 6, the sternum, and...

muscles that move the forearm

Forearm Muscles for Elbow and Rotation

Forearm muscles help the arm bend, straighten, and rotate at the elbow and radioulnar joints. They are grouped as forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint. The pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints. The forearm flexors are the biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis. The biceps brachii has two heads. Its long head begins at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, and its short head...

muscles of the forearm that move the hand and fingers

muscles-of-the-forearm-that-move-the-hand-and-fingers

Forearm Flexors, Extensors, and Wrist Support

The forearm muscles that move the wrist, hand, and fingers are grouped into anterior and posterior compartments. These muscles work together to bend, straighten, and stabilize the hand and digits. They also connect to the bones of the wrist and hand in organized layers. The anterior compartment contains the flexor muscles. These muscles usually start at the humerus and attach to the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus,...

muscles that move the thigh

Hip Muscles That Move the Thigh

Hip muscles control thigh movement by connecting the pelvic girdle to the femur. The iliopsoas is one key muscle group. It is made of the psoas major and iliacus muscles. Both share a common insertion on the lesser trochanter of the femur. The gluteal muscles also play major roles. The gluteus maximus starts on the posterior ilium, sacrum, coccyx, and thoracolumbar fascia. It inserts on the iliotibial tract and the gluteal tuberosity of the femur. This muscle is the chief extensor of the femur.

muscles that move the leg

Thigh muscles help move the leg through flexion, extension, adduction, and rotation. They are grouped into the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh. Each group supports a different part of leg motion at the hip and knee. The anterior compartment includes the quadriceps femoris, the most visible thigh muscle group. It helps extend the leg and flex the thigh. The quadriceps is made of four muscles: vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris.

muscles of the leg that move the foot and toes

muscles-of-the-leg-that-move-the-foot-and-toes

Leg Muscle Groups for Foot Motion

The leg muscles that move the foot and toes are organized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments. Each compartment has a distinct set of muscles with its own actions. Together, they control dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion, and toe movement. The anterior compartment includes the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and fibularis tertius. The tibialis anterior runs along the lateral surface of the tibia, is easy to feel, and...

key terms and concepts

Learn how anterior, medial, and posterior thigh muscles move the leg, including the quadriceps, adductors, hamstrings, and popliteus.

Thigh Muscles Behind Leg Motion | JoVE K12

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the-tree-of-life-bacteria-archaea-eukaryotes

The Tree of Life - Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes

The &#8220;tree of life&#8221; describes the evolution of life and the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The root of the tree is the common ...

The Anatomy of Chloroplasts

Green algae and plants, including green stems and unripe fruit, harbor specialized organelles called chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis. They ...

Explain the evidence supporting the scientific theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells (endosymbiosis).

SC.912.L.14.5

A. Cells have characteristic structures and functions that make them distinctive.

B. Processes in a cell can be classified broadly as growth, maintenance, reproduction, and homeostasis.

C. Life can be organized in a functional and structural hierarchy ranging from cells to the biosphere.

D. Most multicellular organisms are composed of organ systems whose structures reflect their particular function.

Thigh Muscles Behind Leg Motion

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