Adenylate Cyclase
Adenylate Cyclase - Related Videos
09:39
Drug-induced Sensitization of Adenylyl Cyclase: Assay Streamlining and Miniaturization for Small Molecule and siRNA Screening Applications
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Cited by 6 •
2014
Persistent activation of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptors results in sensitization of adenylyl cyclase signaling. To identify the essential molecular pathways, nonbiased approaches are necessary; however, this strategy requires the development of a scalable cell-based cAMP sensitization assay. Herein, we describe a sensitization assay for small molecule and siRNA screening.
02:52
Real-Time Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation in Recombinant Cells
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2025
Source: de March, C. A. et. al., Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase. J. Vis. Exp. (2019)This video demonstrates the method to monitor the real-time activation of odorant receptors in recombinant mammalian cells using luminescence measurement. Odorant binding triggers G-protein activation and cAMP production, activating glosensor proteins that emit luminescence upon substrate binding, providing a quantitative measure of receptor response.
09:51
Investigating Protein Sequence-structure-dynamics Relationships with Bio3D-web
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Cited by 2 •
2017
A protocol for the online investigation of protein sequence-structure-dynamics relationships using Bio3D-web is presented.
06:53
Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
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Cited by 19 •
2016
Here, we describe settings to monitor in parallel circadian bioluminescence and the secretory activity of human islet cells and primary myotubes. For this, we employed lentiviral gene delivery of a luciferase core clock reporter, followed by in vitro synchronization and collection of outflow medium by continuous cell perifusion.
09:42
Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
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Cited by 17 •
2016
Channels for the transportation of water molecules in enzymes influence active site solvation and catalysis. Herein we present a protocol for the engineering of these additional catalytic motifs based on in silico computer modeling and experiments. This will enhance our understanding of the influence of solvent dynamics on enzyme catalysis.
FAQs
Ligand-activated G protein-coupled receptors regulate adenylate cyclase through associated G proteins. Depending on the signaling input, this interaction can stimulate or inhibit the enzyme, changing the amount of cAMP produced from ATP. Measuring or interpreting these changes helps connect an extracellular ligand to the direction and strength of an intracellular response.
cAMP functions as an intracellular second messenger that carries the signal beyond the enzyme itself. It activates protein kinase A and other effectors, allowing the original receptor signal to influence cellular activity through downstream targets. This arrangement helps one extracellular cue affect processes such as metabolism, gene expression, secretion, contraction, or sensory responses.
The outcome depends on how receptor inputs alter cAMP production and which downstream effectors respond in a particular cell. Because cAMP signaling can influence protein kinase A and other effectors, the same general pathway can participate in metabolic regulation, gene expression, secretion, contraction, or sensory signaling across diverse biological contexts.
Adenylate cyclase activity is relevant to several major forms of cellular regulation, including metabolism, gene expression, secretion, contraction, and sensory responses. Its importance comes from controlling the intracellular cAMP signal that links extracellular information to these functions. Consequently, the pathway provides a useful framework for studying how cells coordinate changes in activity.
Studies of adenylate cyclase can clarify how hormones or neurotransmitters produce intracellular effects after binding to cell-surface receptors. Investigators can relate receptor-linked stimulation or inhibition to altered cAMP signaling and downstream activity. This makes the pathway useful for analyzing how extracellular communication regulates cellular behavior in biological systems.
The pathway has significance beyond typical animal cell signaling because adenylate cyclase research also addresses microbial signaling and diseases involving disrupted signal transduction. Examining cAMP production and its downstream effects can help characterize how signaling becomes altered or misregulated. These applications place the enzyme within a broader biology of communication, control, and disease.