Translating Extracellular Electron Transfer Activities with Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Yang Gao; Yuchen Zhou; Xudong Ji; Austin J. Graham; Christopher M. Dundas; Ismar E. Miniel Mahfoud; Bailey M. Tibbett; Benjamin Tan; Gina Partipilo; Ananth Dodabalapur; Jonathan Rivnay; Benjamin K. Keitz

doi:10.3791/67928

JoVE Journal
Bioengineering

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JoVE Journal Bioengineering

Translating Extracellular Electron Transfer Activities with Organic Electrochemical Transistors

유기 전기화학 트랜지스터를 이용한 세포외 전자 전달 활동의 번역

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10:44 min

January 31, 2025

DOI: 10.3791/67928-v

Yang Gao¹, Yuchen Zhou^2,3, Xudong Ji^4,5, Austin J. Graham^1,6, Christopher M. Dundas^1,7, Ismar E. Miniel Mahfoud¹, Bailey M. Tibbett¹, Benjamin Tan^3,8, Gina Partipilo¹, Ananth Dodabalapur^2,3, Jonathan Rivnay^4,5, Benjamin K. Keitz¹

¹McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering,University of Texas at Austin, ²Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,The University of Texas at Austin, ³Microelectronics Research Center,The University of Texas at Austin, ⁴Department of Biomedical Engineering,Northwestern University, ⁵Simpson Querrey Institute,Northwestern University, ⁶Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,University of California San Francisco, ⁷Department of Biology,Stanford University, ⁸Department of Chemistry,University of Texas at Austin

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Overview

This study presents a protocol for utilizing organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) to convert extracellular electron transfer (EET) activity in Shewanella oneidensis into measurable electrical signals. The hybrid OECT system enhances robustness and sensitivity, facilitating rapid and high-throughput testing for EET measurements.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

Bioelectronics
Extracellular electron transfer
Electrochemical systems

Background

Research focuses on integrating bacterial EET with electronic materials.
Exploration of genetic regulation of EET for improved electrical performance.
Investigation of emergent features in electrochemical systems with living cells.
Use of synthetic biology to engineer EET pathways.

Purpose of Study

To develop bioelectronics that leverage EET for biosensing and biocomputing.
To understand the interaction between EET and electronic materials.
To optimize electrical performance through genetic modulation of EET.

Methods Used

Engineering of bacterial cells to modulate OECT outputs.
Electrochemical systems for redox monitoring.
Microscopy techniques for analyzing cell activities.
Advanced spectroscopy methods for characterizing material-biology interfaces.

Main Results

Demonstrated that genetically engineered bacteria can influence OECT performance.
Illustrated direct and indirect EET pathways affecting bioelectronics.
Coupled genetic logic to electrical outputs for enhanced control.
Showed advantages of using living cells for dynamic responses in bioelectronics.

Conclusions

Living cells provide programmable controls through EET.
Cellular metabolism can be leveraged for real-time electrical responses.
Findings contribute to the advancement of bioelectronic applications.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of EET in bioelectronics?

EET is crucial for developing bioelectronics as it allows for the integration of biological processes with electronic systems, enhancing functionality.

How do genetically engineered bacteria affect OECT outputs?

Genetically engineered bacteria can modulate the electrical signals produced by OECTs, enabling more precise control over bioelectronic devices.

What methods are used to monitor EET?

Techniques include electrochemical systems for redox monitoring, microscopy for cell activity analysis, and advanced spectroscopy for interface characterization.

What advantages do living cells offer in this research?

Living cells provide dynamic, genetically programmable controls and can utilize cellular metabolism for real-time responses in bioelectronic applications.

What are the potential applications of this research?

This research has implications for biosensing, biocomputing, and the development of advanced bioelectronic devices.

How does synthetic biology contribute to this study?

Synthetic biology is used to engineer EET pathways, enhancing the interaction between biological systems and electronic materials.

여기에서는 유기 전기화학 트랜지스터(OECT)를 사용하여 Shewanella oneidensis 의 세포외 전자 전달(EET) 활성을 전기 신호로 변환하는 프로토콜을 제시합니다. 하이브리드 OECT 시스템은 향상된 견고성, 감도 및 신속한 고처리량 테스트 가능성을 제공하여 EET 측정을 위한 효과적인 도구입니다.

우리의 연구는 바이오센싱 및 바이오컴퓨팅 응용 분야를 확장하기 위해 박테리아 세포외 전자 전달 또는 EET를 통합하는 바이오일렉트로닉스를 개발하는 데 중점을 두고 있습니다. 우리는 EET가 전자 재료와 어떻게 상호 작용하는지, 전기 성능을 최적화하기 위해 EET를 유전적으로 조절하는 방법, 그리고 살아있는 세포를 포함하는 이러한 전기 화학 시스템에 새로운 새로운 기능이 있는지 여부에 대한 답을 찾고 있습니다. 박테리아 HR 세포 또는 전자 전달 연구의 발전은 EET 경로 엔지니어링을 위한 합성 생물학, 예를 들어 산화 환원 모니터링을 위한 전기화학 시스템, 세포 활동에 대한 현미경 검사, 전자 흐름 분석을 위한 원자력 현미경 및 매크로 전극 수행, 재료 생물학 인터페이스 특성화를 위한 UAV Raman과 같은 고급 분광학을 사용합니다.

우리는 질병에 대한 유전자 조작이 OECT 출력을 조절하여 생물학적으로 유도된 전기 반응을 가능하게 할 수 있음을 입증했습니다. 연구 결과에는 생체 전자 성능에 영향을 미치는 직간접적인 EET 경로를 설명하고, 유전 논리를 전기 결과와 연결하고, EET를 통해 유전적 가소성을 조정하는 것이 포함됩니다. 기존의 OECT 작업과 비교했을 때, 살아있는 세포는 세포 외 전자 전달을 통한 역동적인 유전적으로 프로그래밍 가능한 제어 및 실시간 반응을 위해 세포 대사를 활용할 수 있는 능력과 같은 이점을 제공합니다.

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