Cytopathic Effect Analysis
Cytopathic Effect Analysis - Related Videos
04:06
Use of Crystal Violet to Improve Visual Cytopathic Effect-based Reading for Viral Titration using TCID50 Assays
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Cited by 9 •
2022
This protocol shows an accurate and objective approach to visualize viral titrations using crystal violet, by comparing it with optical microscopy and immunocytochemical staining.
10:42
Flow Cytometric Analysis of Particle-bound Bet v 1 Allergen in PM10
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Cited by 8 •
2016
Here, we present a protocol to quantify allergen-loaded particles by flow cytometry. Ambient particulate matter particles may act as carriers of adsorbed allergens. We show here that flow cytometry, a method widely used to characterize suspended solids >0.5 µm in diameter, can be used to measure these allergen-loaded particles.
12:02
Collection and Extraction of Occupational Air Samples for Analysis of Fungal DNA
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Cited by 2 •
2018
Determining the fungal diversity within an environment is a method utilized in occupational health studies to identify health hazards. This protocol describes DNA extraction from occupational air samples for amplification and sequencing of fungal ITS regions. This approach detects many fungal species that can be overlooked by traditional assessment methods.
15:04
A Neuronal and Astrocyte Co-Culture Assay for High Content Analysis of Neurotoxicity
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Cited by 46 •
2009
This article describes a novel protocol and reagent set designed for sensitive measurement of neurotoxic effects of compounds and treatments on co-cultures of neurons and astrocytes using high content analysis. Results demonstrate that high content analysis represents an exciting novel technology for neurotoxicity assessment.
10:39
Automated Analysis of Intracellular Phenotypes of Salmonella Using ImageJ
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Cited by 3 •
2022
Salmonella invades and replicates inside intestinal epithelial cells both in Salmonella-specific vacuoles and free in the cytosol (hyper-replication). A high-throughput fluorescence microscopy-based protocol is described here to quantify the intracellular phenotypes of Salmonella by two complementary image analyses through ImageJ, reaching single-cell resolution and scoring.
FAQs
The appearance of infected cultures can indicate distinct forms of cellular disruption. Cell rounding and detachment signal loss of normal structure and adherence, whereas lysis reflects membrane breakdown and cell destruction. Inclusion bodies provide visible intracellular changes, and syncytium formation reveals fusion between cells. Recording which changes occur, and in what sequence, helps characterize pathogen-induced damage.
The onset and progression of cellular changes provide information beyond their final appearance. An earlier or more severe effect may indicate differences in viral replication or virulence, while delayed or reduced damage can reflect a different treatment response. Tracking cultures over time therefore allows researchers to compare infection patterns rather than relying on a single observation.
Cytopathic effect patterns show how infection affects host-cell structure and function during pathogen replication. Observations such as membrane damage, detachment, inclusion bodies, or cell fusion connect visible cellular outcomes with the interaction between the pathogen and its host cells. In immunology and infection research, these patterns help relate replication-associated injury to differences among infections.
Researchers monitor infected cultured cells with microscopy and document structural changes as they develop. Observations are made over time, focusing on features such as rounding, detachment, lysis, inclusion bodies, and syncytium formation. The recorded findings can then be summarized with quantitative scoring, allowing the extent and progression of cellular damage to be compared between experimental conditions.
Visible cellular changes can provide evidence that a virus is affecting cultured cells, supporting detection and isolation workflows. Quantitative scoring adds a way to compare the amount or severity of observed damage, which is relevant to titration. Together, microscopy and scoring transform cellular appearance into measurements useful for characterizing viral activity in culture.
Researchers can compare the timing and severity of cellular changes in cultures exposed to different treatment conditions. A change in the observed cytopathic pattern may indicate that treatment affects the infection-associated damage seen in cells. This makes the analysis useful for evaluating antiviral activity while also providing information about how treatment response relates to pathogen-induced cellular injury.