Hep-2 Cells
Hep-2 Cells - Related Videos
13:01
Anti-Nuclear Antibody Screening Using HEp-2 Cells
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Cited by 34 •
2014
Indirect immunofluorescent (IIF) assays have traditionally been used for the detection of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in human serum. The presence of these antibodies can aid in the diagnosis of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD). This protocol demonstrates how to effectively perform the IIF technique to accurately detect these autoantibodies.
10:05
Simultaneous Distinction of Monospecific and Mixed DFS70 Patterns During ANA Screening with a Novel HEp-2 ELITE/DFS70 Knockout Substrate
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Cited by 5 •
2018
DFS70 autoantibodies mimic common disease-associated antinuclear antibody patterns making accurate interpretation challenging when using conventional HEp-2 substrates. The protocol describes advantages of novel engineered HEp-2 substrate over conventional HEp-2 in ANA screening and distinguishing DFS70 patterns with high confidence in both monospecific and mixed ANA positive cases.
11:24
Direct Protein Delivery to Mammalian Cells Using Cell-permeable Cys2-His2 Zinc-finger Domains
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Cited by 14 •
2015
Zinc-finger domains are intrinsically cell-permeable and capable of mediating protein delivery into a broad range of mammalian cell types. Here, a detailed step-by-step protocol for implementing zinc-finger technology for intracellular protein delivery is presented.
05:57
In Vitro Assay of Bacterial Adhesion onto Mammalian Epithelial Cells
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Cited by 81 •
2011
This protocol is a simple bacterial adhesion assay consisting in counting the numbers of bacterial colony forming units that are adhered onto cultured cells. The assay is robust, independent of the adhesin studied, and numerous variations are used in most laboratories working on bacterial pathogenesis.
05:56
Imaging Initial Ca2+ Microdomains in Primary T Cells
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Cited by 1 •
2024
Here, we provide a comprehensive protocol to resolve initial local Ca2+ signals, known as Ca2+ microdomains, in primary murine and human T cells using fluorescence microscopy. This protocol serves as a valuable resource for researchers examining Ca2+ signaling pathways within immune cells and to further unravel their function.
FAQs
Adherence makes Hep-2 cultures suitable for observing infection-related changes by microscopy because the cells remain attached to a surface rather than suspended. Their permissive growth characteristics also support viral replication, allowing infection to progress to visible cytopathic effects. Together, these features connect pathogen growth with directly observable alterations in the cultured epithelial-cell layer.
Visible cytopathic effects provide a cellular readout of pathogen impact. In Hep-2 cultures, changes that appear after viral replication can be examined microscopically and related to infection rather than assessed only through an indirect measurement. This makes the culture useful for studying host-cell damage and determining whether an infectious agent produces recognizable changes under experimental conditions.
Infected Hep-2 cultures provide a model in which pathogen-induced changes can be examined alongside viral growth. Microscopy, immunofluorescence, and related assays allow researchers to visualize effects associated with infection and investigate viral entry, replication, and resulting damage. This links cellular observations to specific stages of the infection process without relying on a single type of measurement.
Respiratory pathogens, including respiratory syncytial virus, can replicate in Hep-2 cultures and produce observable cytopathic effects. That combination gives infection researchers a system for examining pathogen growth and cellular consequences in the same model. It also supports virus isolation and propagation, which are important for subsequent infectivity studies and investigations of respiratory infection.
At a broad level, work with Hep-2 cultures can include introducing a pathogen, allowing the culture to support replication, and examining resulting cellular effects with microscopy, immunofluorescence, or related assays. The workflow can be adapted to virus isolation, propagation, infectivity assessment, or visualization of pathogen-induced changes, depending on the research question.
Microscopy can document visible cytopathic effects, while immunofluorescence and related assays can provide additional ways to visualize infection-associated changes. Together, these readouts help researchers assess infectivity, examine host-cell damage, and investigate pathogen behavior in culture. The resulting observations also support development or evaluation of diagnostic methods in infectious-disease research.