Cerebral Venous Hypertension
Cerebral Venous Hypertension - Related Videos
08:27
Adult Mouse Venous Hypertension Model: Common Carotid Artery to External Jugular Vein Anastomosis.
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Cited by 13 •
2015
We describe a method for creating a reliable model of cerebral venous hypertension in the adult mouse. This model has been widely described and tested in the rat. This new counterpart in the mice opens the possibility of using genetic modified animals and thereby broadens the applications of the model.
06:08
A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
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Cited by 44 •
2017
'Super-selective' adrenal venous sampling (ssAVS, also called segmental adrenal venous sampling: sAVS) was performed using a micro-catheter to identify adrenal segment(s) that produce excessive amounts of hormones. The ssAVS technique was described, cases in which adrenal segmental lesion(s) were identified by ssAVS were presented, and the usefulness of ssAVS in future adrenal research was discussed.
13:50
Focal Cerebral Ischemia Model by Endovascular Suture Occlusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery in the Rat
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Cited by 107 •
2011
Surgical induction of ischemic brain damage in the rat is a widely used model for stroke research. Here we demonstrate the induction of focal cerebral ischemia by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Visualization of the resulting infarct by histological staining and magnetic resonance imaging is also shown.
08:34
Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
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Cited by 5 •
2018
Left atrial stenosis (LAS) is a novel surgical technique used for studying group 2 pulmonary hypertension (PH) and mechanisms underlying pulmonary venous arterialization. Here, we present a protocol to constrict the left atrium using a titanium clip to cause pulmonary venous arterialization and moderate PH in a rat.
07:25
Open Surgical Resection of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
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2025
Source: Rennert, R. C., et al. Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations. J. Vis. Exp. (2017).This video demonstrates the open surgical resection of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in a human brain. The procedure involves creating a bone flap, accessing the subarachnoid space, identifying and occluding feeding arteries and draining veins, and carefully removing the AVM. Intraoperative angiography confirms complete resection,...
FAQs
The critical mechanism is impaired venous drainage, which raises pressure within the cerebral venous system and interferes with intracranial pressure regulation. As venous blood accumulates, pressure-related effects can extend beyond the vessels, contributing to congestion, brain edema, or hemorrhage. These changes explain why the condition can affect neurological function rather than remaining an isolated vascular abnormality.
Thrombosis, venous stenosis, and external compression represent different forms of outflow restriction. Thrombosis blocks flow within a cerebral venous sinus, stenosis narrows the drainage pathway, and compression constrains it from outside. Although their immediate mechanisms differ, each can produce impaired venous emptying and the pressure consequences associated with cerebral venous hypertension.
Clinical consequences reflect how venous pressure affects intracranial structures. Accumulated blood may promote congestion, while pressure-related disruption can be associated with brain edema or hemorrhage. Neurological dysfunction may follow, and important risks include vision loss and seizures. These possible outcomes make changes in neurological function clinically significant when venous hypertension is suspected.
Evaluation begins with a neurological assessment, which helps clinicians identify impaired neurological function in a patient with suspected cerebral venous hypertension. Imaging then examines the intracranial circulation and surrounding brain. CT, MRI, and MR venography are available components of the workup, supporting investigation of venous obstruction and possible consequences such as edema or hemorrhage.
Management is directed toward the underlying obstruction rather than pressure elevation alone. Clinicians investigate whether thrombosis, stenosis, or external compression is restricting venous outflow, because identifying the cause guides the next therapeutic step. Timely treatment aims to limit pressure-related injury and reduce the risk of vision loss, seizures, neurological injury, and other complications.
MR venography is particularly relevant when the clinical question concerns cerebral venous drainage. In the broader diagnostic workup, it can be considered alongside CT and MRI rather than as a replacement for neurological assessment. This combination helps clinicians investigate suspected outflow restriction while evaluating the brain for consequences such as congestion, edema, or hemorrhage.