Effector Memory Phenotype
Effector Memory Phenotype - Related Videos
09:59
Imaging Effector Memory T cells in the Ear After Induction of Adoptive DTH
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Cited by 2 •
2008
Here we demonstrate a method for inducing and recording the progress of a delayed type-hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction in the rat ear. This is followed by a demonstration of the preparation of rat ear tissue for two-photon imaging of the effector / memory T cell response.
08:49
Transduction and Expansion of Primary T Cells in Nine Days with Maintenance of Central Memory Phenotype
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Cited by 5 •
2020
We outline a 9-day protocol for the transduction and expansion of rhesus macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells which yields cells with excellent co-expression of the genes of interest in sufficient number for infusion studies of cell efficacy.
09:34
Identification of Growth Inhibition Phenotypes Induced by Expression of Bacterial Type III Effectors in Yeast
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Cited by 34 •
2010
In this video, we describe a procedure for the expression of bacterial type III effectors in yeast and the identification of effector-induced growth inhibition phenotypes. Such phenotypes can be subsequently exploited to elucidate effector functions and targets.
09:42
A Chronic Autoimmune Dry Eye Rat Model with Increase in Effector Memory T Cells in Eyeball Tissue
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Cited by 10 •
2017
This report describes a method to induce chronic experimental autoimmune dry eye in Lewis rats through immunization with an emulsion of rat lacrimal gland extract, ovalbumin, and complete Freund's adjuvant, followed by the injection of lacrimal gland extract and ovalbumin into the forniceal subconjunctiva and lacrimal glands six weeks later.
15:57
Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle
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Cited by 13 •
2015
Long-term cultured interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay is used as a measure of central memory responses and correlates with protective anti-mycobacterial vaccine responses. With this assay, peripheral blood mononuclear cells are stimulated with mycobacterial antigens and interleukin-2 for 14 days, enabling differentiation and expansion of central memory T cells.
FAQs
CCR7 and CD62L are lymphoid-homing molecules, so their reduced expression helps distinguish cells associated with peripheral-tissue circulation from memory populations that retain stronger lymphoid-homing characteristics. Examining either marker with an antigen-experience marker such as CD45RO provides a more informative phenotypic profile than assessing tissue distribution or activation history indirectly.
The phenotype links a previous antigen-driven state with the capacity to produce cytokines and exert cytotoxicity when antigen is encountered again. This connection is important because surface-marker analysis alone describes the cellular state, whereas functional testing shows whether the measured population retains the expected immediate effector capabilities.
Marker combinations classify cells using more than one feature: CD45RO contributes information about antigen experience, while CCR7 or CD62L indicates lymphoid-homing status. Combining these signals improves identification of the intended population and reduces reliance on one surface molecule whose expression may not fully describe the cell’s functional or trafficking-related state.
A typical workflow uses flow cytometry to examine surface-marker combinations, commonly pairing CD45RO with CCR7 or CD62L. The resulting pattern is then interpreted alongside functional stimulation assays, which assess cytokine production or cytotoxicity after antigen reencounter. Using both approaches connects phenotypic classification with evidence of retained effector activity.
Researchers can measure it when evaluating vaccine-induced immunity or examining pathogen-specific responses during infection. The analysis helps characterize whether prior immune activation has produced cells positioned for rapid activity outside lymphoid tissues. It can therefore contribute to studies of response quality, persistence, and changes associated with repeated exposure to pathogens or infected cells.
Tracking the phenotype alongside functional responses can help investigators evaluate the durability and quality of pathogen-specific T-cell immunity. It is also relevant to chronic infection and immune dysregulation, where the balance between detectable antigen-experienced cells and their cytokine or cytotoxic responses may provide a broader picture than cell frequency alone.