Name: how the body loses and gains heat
Uploaded: 2024-06-20T13:02:51.000Z
Duration: 1 min 19 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

north-carolina-k-12-science-standard-course-of-study

NC K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Earth and Environmental Science

Earth's Systems

ESS.EES.3.2

Mechanism of heat transfer

An environment is considered thermoneutral when the human body neither consumes nor releases energy to maintain core temperature.
The body uses four mechanisms: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation, to maintain temperature when the environment is not thermoneutral.
Conduction is the heat flow between two objects when in direct contact. It happens when the skin comes into contact with a cold or hot object.
For example, an ice pack helps reduce fever, facilitating conductive heat loss.
Convection is transferring heat away from the body via air movement or transmitting heat to the air surrounding the skin.
For instance, a fan uses air to transmit heat away from the body.
Evaporation is the transfer of heat energy that occurs when a liquid transforms into a gas.
Sweating causes heat loss through evaporation.
Radiation is the transmission of heat from the surface of one object to another without direct contact. The body transfers heat from the uncovered surface of the body.
For example, the sun increases the temperature of the skin through radiation.

mechanism of heat transfer

Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat transfer from higher concentration to lower concentration regions and are fascinating and essential to our understanding of human physiology.
Conduction, a heat transfer mechanism, is a process we encounter daily. It&#39;s the transfer of heat between two objects in direct contact. In humans, this occurs when the skin contacts an object with a different temperature. For example, when a nurse places an ice pack on a patient with a fever, heat transfers from the warmer body to the colder ice pack, thereby reducing the patient&#39;s body temperature. This practical application of conduction demonstrates its relevance and importance in our understanding of thermoregulation.
Convection, another heat transfer mechanism, is a process we can observe in our surroundings. It involves the transfer of heat away from the body through air movement. It occurs when heat from the skin warms the surrounding air, which then rises and is replaced by cooler air that warms up. An example is using a fan to cool down; the fan speeds up air movement around the body, enhancing heat loss through convection. This real-life example of convection helps us visualize and understand the concept better.
Evaporation is when a liquid converts into a gas, releasing heat from the body. It is a primary method by which the body loses heat. For instance, during physical activity, humans perspire, and as the sweat evaporates, it cools the body.
Radiation is the emission of heat from the surface of one object to another without direct contact between them. For example, the body can radiate heat to the cooler surrounding environment or absorb heat from the sun, increasing body temperature without physical contact between the body and the heat source. For example, radiation is when our body feels warm standing near a bonfire, even without touching it.

Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the ...

Education

JoVE Core

Nursing

Unit 1

Vital Signs: Temperature

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

how the body loses and gains heat

The body loses and gains heat through conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These heat transfer mechanisms help the body stay in balance, or maintain homeostasis, when the environment is not thermoneutral. In a thermoneutral environment, the body is already in balance and does not need to use or release energy to keep its core temperature steady.

Conduction is heat transfer through direct contact. It happens when skin touches an object with a different temperature. For example, when a nurse places an ice pack on a patient with a fever, heat moves from the warmer body to the colder ice pack, which helps lower body temperature.

Convection is heat transfer through moving air. Warm air near the skin is replaced by cooler air, and that cooler air then warms up. A fan can help cool the body because it speeds up air movement around the skin and increases heat loss by convection.

Evaporation is the change of a liquid into a gas. During this process, heat is released from the body. Sweating during physical activity is a common example, because as sweat evaporates, it cools the body. Radiation is heat transfer without direct contact. The body can give off heat to a cooler environment or absorb heat from the sun. It can also feel warm near a bonfire even when nothing is touching the skin.

How the Body Loses and Gains Heat

introduction to vital signs

How Nurses Check Vital Signs

Vital signs are basic body measurements that show how well essential functions are working. They include body temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. These are often shortened to T, P, R, and BP. In some healthcare settings, oxygen saturation, or SpO2, is also included. Pain and level of consciousness may count as vital signs in certain situations. These measurements help healthcare professionals assess a person's well-being and spot changes in major body systems. They...

guidelines for measuring vital signs

Measuring Vital Signs for Accurate Nursing Care

Measuring vital signs accurately helps nurses track patient changes and respond with timely care. Careful technique also improves the reliability of the results. Before measuring, a nurse checks whether the patient is calm and comfortable. Anxiety or discomfort can affect the reading. The right equipment also matters. Blood pressure readings depend on using the correct cuff size, since a cuff that is too large or too small may give an inaccurate result. Nurses also inspect equipment for wear,...

body temperature

How the Body Regulates Temperature

The body regulates temperature by balancing heat production and heat loss. This balance helps keep core body temperature steady even during exercise or changes in the environment. Core temperature refers to the temperature of deep tissues under the skin, while surface temperature can change more easily. Heat is produced mainly by metabolic activity in the body’s core tissues. Blood carries this heat from the core to the skin, where it can be released into the environment. Core body temperature...

The body loses and gains heat through conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These heat transfer mechanisms help the body stay in balance, or maintain homeostasis, when the environment is not thermoneutral. In a thermoneutral environment, the body is already in balance and does not need to use or release energy to keep its core temperature steady. Conduction is heat transfer through direct contact. It happens when skin touches an object with a different temperature. For example,...

factors affecting body temperature

Body Temperature Changes and Why They Happen

Body temperature changes for many reasons, and age is one of the most important. Newborns have an immature system that must respond quickly to environmental change, so their temperature can shift more easily. Older adults can also have trouble regulating temperature because of age-related changes and other factors. Exercise can raise body temperature because active muscles need more blood flow. The body also breaks down glucose and fat for energy, and that process produces heat. Hormone levels...

increased body temperature

Fever Phases and Body Temperature Control

Fever is a rise in body temperature above 38°C (100.4°F). A person with fever is called febrile. The hypothalamus, a part of the brain that works like the body’s thermostat, controls temperature by using a thermoregulatory setpoint. It reads signals from cold and warm receptors throughout the body and adjusts temperature as needed. Fever usually starts when the hypothalamic setpoint changes in response to infection or illness. A virus such as influenza, a bacterium such as streptococcus, or...

types of fever

Fever Types and Heat-Related Conditions

Fever can happen for many reasons, and not all fevers come from infection. It may be linked to nervous system disorders, certain cancers, blood diseases such as leukemia, embolism, thrombosis, heatstroke, dehydration, surgical trauma, crushing injuries, or allergic reactions. Rigor is one fever pattern marked by a sudden, severe shivering attack. During rigor, body temperature rises quickly to hyperpyrexia levels, which means an extremely high fever. Hyperthermia is different from a typical...

patterns of fever

Fever Phases and Temperature Patterns

Fever has clear phases and several temperature patterns. The first phase is the onset or invasion phase, when body temperature begins to rise. This rise may happen suddenly or gradually. The second phase is the steady phase. During this stage, body temperature reaches its highest point and stays constant at a high level. The third phase is the defervescence or decline phase. In this stage, the elevated temperature returns to normal, either suddenly or gradually. Fever may appear as...

methods of reducing fever

Fever Care: Medicines and Cooling Steps

Fever care focuses on lowering body temperature and finding the cause of the fever. Common signs and symptoms include hot, dry skin, a flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Proper treatment starts with identifying the root problem. Pharmacological methods use medicine to reduce fever. If a bacterial infection is the cause, healthcare providers collect culture specimens such as urine, blood, sputum, and wound samples, then prescribe the...

decreased body temperature

Hypothermia and Frostbite Signs

Hypothermia and frostbite are two cold-related conditions that can cause a decreased body temperature. They happen when heat loss from long exposure to cold becomes greater than the body’s ability to make heat. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia and show how severe it is. Mild hypothermia occurs when core temperature falls between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35 °C (95 °F). It is linked to impaired thermoregulation, which means the body has trouble controlling its temperature. Moderate...

equipments used to measure body temperature

equipments-used-to-measure-body-temperature

Body Temperature Tools and Thermometer Types

Body temperature can be checked with several tools, and the result may be shown in Celsius or Fahrenheit. Different thermometers are used for different body sites and settings. Some give a reading in seconds, while others are older or single-use designs. Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip that holds a liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Mercury glass-bulb thermometers were once the standard for measuring body temperature. Today, many countries prohibit mercury...

temperature measurement sites

Body Temperature: Common Measurement Methods

Body temperature can be measured at several common sites, and each site has its own uses and limits. A thermometer is used to check temperature in the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. Some sites give a closer estimate of true core temperature, which is the temperature inside the body. Core body temperature can be assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder. The oral site is...

assessing body temperature - tympanic membrane

assessing-body-temperature-tympanic-membrane

Using a Tympanic Thermometer Correctly

A tympanic membrane thermometer measures temperature through the ear. Correct use of the device helps support an accurate reading and reduces the chance of cross-contamination. Start with good hand hygiene before handling the thermometer. Turn it on and wait for the ready sign on the screen. Then place the probe cover in position before use. Ask the patient to tilt the head to the side for comfort. Check the ear canal for cerumen, or earwax, because it can block the probe lens cover. If...

assessing body temperature - oral

Oral Temperature Check with an Electronic Thermometer

Oral temperature checks use an electronic thermometer to measure body temperature through the mouth. Proper hand hygiene comes first to help prevent the spread of microorganisms. The thermometer is then removed from the charging unit, turned on, and used only after the ready sign appears. A probe cover is slid on until a click is heard. This helps prevent cross-contamination and keeps the cover in the correct place. The patient is asked to open the mouth, and the probe is placed under the...

assessing body temperature - rectal

Rectal Temperature Checks for Core Readings

Rectal temperature checks are a precise way to measure core body temperature. This method often gives a higher reading than oral temperature. It is used when an accurate internal temperature is needed. The procedure starts with hand hygiene and clean gloves to reduce cross-infection. The patient is placed in a side-lying position so the rectal area can be seen more easily. Only the anal region is exposed, and warmth and privacy are maintained. If feces or secretions are present, the area is...

assessing body temperature - axilla

Axillary Temperature Check with Digital Thermometer

Axillary body temperature is checked with a digital thermometer using a careful, step-by-step method. The goal is to get an accurate reading from the axilla, or underarm area, while keeping the patient comfortable and protected. Hand hygiene comes first, followed by clean gloves to help prevent infection and cross-contamination. The patient is then told what will happen so they can cooperate with the procedure. Privacy is maintained, only the axilla is exposed, and the patient is asked to stay...

assessing body temperature - temporal artery

assessing-body-temperature-temporal-artery

Temporal Artery Temperature Scan Steps

Temporal artery temperature scanning is a quick way to check a patient’s body temperature with a temporal artery thermometer. The process begins with hand hygiene and a fresh pair of gloves to help prevent cross-infection and keep the patient safe. The procedure should also be explained clearly so the patient knows what to expect and can cooperate with comfort. Before scanning, the forehead should be checked for moisture. If the skin is wet, it should be gently wiped with a clean cloth because...

key terms and concepts

Learn how the body uses conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation to keep core temperature stable in changing environments.

How the Body Loses and Gains Heat | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Nursing offers concise animated lessons on nursing practices, covering health systems, nursing organizations, and health concepts. It includes practical communication, infection prevention, and nursing fundamentals, providing students with a clear understanding of nursing principles.

nursing

Louisiana Student Standards for Science

High School

Chemistry

Energy

HS-PS3-3

HS-PS3-4

south-carolina-college-and-career-ready-science-standards

South Carolina College and Career Ready Science Standards

C-PS3-4

Igneous Volcanic Rock

Source: Laboratory of Alan Lester - University of Colorado Boulder
Igneous rocks are the products of cooling and crystallization of magma. Volcanic rocks ...

The Carbon Cycle

Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among ...

Igneous Intrusive Rock

Source: Laboratory of Alan Lester - University of Colorado Boulder
Igneous rocks are products of the cooling and crystallization of high temperature ...

using-topographic-maps-to-generate-topographic-profiles

Using Topographic Maps to Generate Topographic Profiles

Source: Laboratory of Alan Lester - University of Colorado Boulder
Topographic maps are &#34;plan-view&#34; representations of Earth&#39;s ...

determining-spatial-orientation-rock-layers-with-brunton

Determining Spatial Orientation of Rock Layers with the Brunton Compass

Source: Laboratory of Alan Lester - University of Colorado Boulder
Most rock units exhibit some form of planar surfaces or linear features. Examples ...

Making a Geologic Cross Section

Source: Laboratory of Alan Lester - University of Colorado Boulder
Geologic maps were first made and utilized in Europe, in the mid-to-late 18th century. ...

Use models to explain how mantle convection powers plate tectonics.

ESS.EES.2.1

Analyze and interpret data to predict locations of volcanoes and earthquakes based on plate boundaries.

ESS.EES.2.2

an-overview-of-alkenone-biomarker-analysis-for-paleothermometry

An Overview of Alkenone Biomarker Analysis for Paleothermometry

Source: Laboratory of Jeff Salacup&#160;- University of Massachusetts Amherst
Throughout this series of videos, natural samples were extracted and ...

Topographic Surveying and Contours

Topographic surveying is critical for documenting the Earth's surface, focusing on capturing elevations, slopes, and natural and man-made features. It is ...

Plotting of Topographic Maps

Topographic maps represent the Earth's surface features using contour lines, which connect points of equal elevation to create a two-dimensional ...

Methods of Obtaining Topography

Topography involves measuring and mapping land elevations, natural features, and artificial structures to create accurate representations of the terrain. ...

Use models to explain how plate tectonics influence topography.

ESS.EES.2.3

The Soil Ecosystem

Plants obtain inorganic minerals and water from the soil, which acts as a natural medium for land plants. The composition and quality of soil depend not ...

Conditions on Early Earth

What are Biogeochemical Cycles?

The most common elements in organic molecules, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, are only available in the ecosystem in limited ...

The Water Cycle

The Earth&rsquo;s hydrosphere includes all of the areas where the storage and movement of water occurs. Since water is the basis of all living processes, ...

The Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of ...

The Phosphorus Cycle

Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, ...

The Sulfur Cycle

Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the ...

Bioremediation

Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins ...

Carry out investigations to explain how the rock cycle and rates of weathering, erosion, and soil formation influence Earth's systems.

ESS.EES.2.4

What is Climate?

Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, &#8220;Climate is what you expect. ...

What is Weather?

Overview

Weather refers to the current state of atmospheric conditions at a specific time and place. Weather is temporary and is influenced by the ...

Variation of Atmospheric Pressure

Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the ...

/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14711.jpg

Analyze and interpret data to explain how volcanic activity influences changes in Earth's atmosphere, geosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere.

ESS.EES.2.5

States of Water

Water exists in any one of the three classical states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or water vapor). The state of water depends on i) the ...

The potential of hydrogen (pH) is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a water-based solution determined by the concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+). ...

Solvents

A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent ...

Redox Reactions

Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another ...

Adhesion

Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such ...

Cohesion

Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules. Water molecules have an overall neutral charge but are polar ...

Specific Heat

The specific heat capacity of a substance refers to the energy required to increase the temperature of one gram of that substance by one degree Celcius. ...

Vaporization

The physical form of a substance changes by changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize ...

Role of Water in Human Biology

Water is the one of the most significant components of the human body; it plays a crucial role in several physiological activities because of its unique ...

solubility-equilibria-ionic-product-of-water

Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water

Water is a weak electrolyte and undergoes a small amount of self-ionization.
At any given temperature, the concentration of undissociated water is ...

Carry out investigations to explain the properties of water.

ESS.EES.3.1

The universe is composed of matter in different forms, and all forms of matter contain energy.&#160; The different forms of energy on Earth originate from ...

Energy Basics

Chemical reactions, such as those that occur when you light a match, involve changes in energy as well as matter.

Chemical changes and their accompanying ...

Climate Change

The certainty of climate change remains a public controversy despite the consensus among approximately 97% of active climate researchers, who not only ...

Enthalpy

Source: Ketron Mitchell-Wynne, PhD,&#160;Asantha Cooray, PhD, Department of Physics &#38; Astronomy, School of Physical Sciences, University of ...

Use models to explain how water is an agent of energy transfer.

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global ...

Measuring Tropospheric Ozone

Source: Laboratories of Margaret Workman and Kimberly Frye - Depaul University
Ozone is a form of elemental oxygen (O3), a molecule of three oxygen atoms ...

an-overview-of-bgdgt-biomarker-analysis-for-paleoclimatology

An Overview of bGDGT Biomarker Analysis for Paleoclimatology

measurement-greenhouse-gas-flux-from-agricultural-soils-using-static

Measurement of Greenhouse Gas Flux from Agricultural Soils Using Static Chambers

Measurement of greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes between the soil and the atmosphere, in both managed and unmanaged ecosystems, is critical to understanding the ...

Analyze and interpret data to explain how major greenhouse gases influence climate.

ESS.EES.3.3

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the ...

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives ...

Trophic Efficiency

Trophic level transfer efficiency (TLTE) is a measure of the total energy transfer from one trophic level to the next. Due to extensive energy loss as ...

Analyze and interpret data to attribute how atmospheric composition and surface conditions influence heat retention in the troposphere.

ESS.EES.3.4

using-generative-art-to-convey-past-and-future-climate-transitions

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

The ability to understand modern day climate relies on a foundational understanding of past climate variability and the ways in which the planet is ...

Construct an explanation to conclude that heat exchange between the ocean and atmosphere results in local, regional, global weather phenomena, and climate patterns.

ESS.EES.3.5

What is an Ecosystem?

Overview

An ecosystem is the interaction between all abiotic and biotic factors in an environment and can be classified as terrestrial or aquatic. ...

Symbiosis

Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those ...

Community Diversity

Populations do not live in isolation; thus, every population interacts with others in certain ways. These interactions give rise to a network of ...

Use models to explain how abiotic/biotic interactions shape various ecosystems.

ESS.EES.4.1

Analyze how the geosphere is shaped by plate tectonics and the rock cycle.

How the Body Loses and Gains Heat

Description

Transcript

Tags

More videos by Standards