Acute Tic Model
Acute Tic Model - Related Videos
07:38
Generating Acute and Chronic Experimental Models of Motor Tic Expression in Rats
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Cited by 3 •
2021
We present protocols for generating acute and chronic experimental models of tic expression in freely behaving rats. The models are based on striatal cannula implantation and subsequent GABAA antagonist application. The acute model uses transient injections whereas the chronic model utilizes prolonged infusions via a subcutaneous implanted mini-osmotic pump.
04:12
Acute Biliary Pancreatitis Model: A Method to Generate Acute Biliary Pancreatitis Mouse Model via Pancreatic Duct Infusion
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2025
This video describes the procedure for the generation of a mouse model with acute biliary pancreatitis via pancreatic infusion of sodium taurocholate. This model helps study pathophysiological changes induced by sodium taurocholate in the pancreas.
07:58
Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury
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Cited by 8 •
2016
Renal injuries incurred from nephrotoxins, which include drugs ranging from antibiotics to chemotherapeutics, can result in complex disorders whose pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. This protocol demonstrates how zebrafish can be used for disease modeling of these conditions, which can be applied to the identification of renoprotective measures.
14:19
Primary Outcome Assessment in a Pig Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction
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Cited by 13 •
2016
Reliable and accurate outcome assessment is the key for translation of preclinical therapies into clinical treatment. The current paper describes how to assess three clinically relevant primary outcome parameters of cardiac performance and damage in a pig acute myocardial infarction model.
09:09
Ischemia-reperfusion Model of Acute Kidney Injury and Post Injury Fibrosis in Mice
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Cited by 141 •
2013
We describe models of moderate and severe ischemia-reperfusion-induced kidney injury in which the mice undergo unilateral renal pedicle clamping followed by simultaneous or delayed contralateral nephrectomy, respectively. These models consistently give rise to renal dysfunction and post-injury fibrosis, but injury severity and survival are dependent on mouse background, age and surgical equipment.
FAQs
A brief disruption of activity within cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical pathways can alter the neural control of movement and behavioral inhibition. This perturbation provides a controlled way to examine how circuit activity relates to involuntary motor or vocal actions, repetition, and changes in behavioral control. Comparing behavior before and after the disruption helps connect observable tic-like events with underlying circuit mechanisms.
Pharmacological induction and circuit-level perturbation represent two ways to produce short-lived tic-like behavior, but they alter neural function through different experimental approaches. The first uses a brief drug-related manipulation, whereas the second directly changes activity within a relevant circuit. Using either approach allows researchers to examine how altered neural activity affects movement, vocalization, repetition, or behavioral control.
Researchers can distinguish tic-like behavior by examining changes in movement or vocalization together with repetition and behavioral control. The model is useful because these features can be measured under controlled conditions after a defined perturbation. Rather than treating every repeated action as equivalent, investigators compare the observed pattern with the specific motor, vocal, and control-related changes produced during the experimental condition.
A study generally begins with a controlled pharmacological or circuit-level perturbation, followed by observation and measurement of the resulting behavior. Investigators assess changes in movement, vocal behavior, repetition, and behavioral control during the short-lived response. They can then compare those measurements across experimental conditions to evaluate how the perturbation changes tic-like behavior and related neural mechanisms.
Researchers use this approach when they need a rapid, controlled way to investigate how neural circuits generate involuntary actions. Its short onset and limited duration support mechanistic experiments, comparisons between conditions, and evaluation of candidate treatments. The model can also help behavioral studies separate tic-like motor or vocal events from other forms of repetitive movement.
An acute tic model can provide measurable changes in movement, vocal behavior, repetition, and behavioral control after a defined neural perturbation. These outcomes allow investigators to test candidate treatments and examine whether an intervention changes the resulting tic-like behavior. The same measurements support comparisons across experimental conditions, linking behavioral effects with activity in relevant neural pathways.