G-tetrads
G-tetrads - Related Videos
12:59
BEST: Barcode Enabled Sequencing of Tetrads
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Cited by 4 •
2014
Barcode Enabled Sequencing of Tetrads (BEST) replaces the manual processes of isolating, disrupting and spacing tetrads. BEST isolates tetrads by fluorescence-activated cell sorting onto agar plates, separates the spores by agitation with glass beads, and determines which randomly arrayed colonies were derived from the same original tetrad using molecular barcodes.
10:04
Mating and Tetrad Separation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for Genetic Analysis
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Cited by 35 •
2009
Mating and tetrad separation are required for genetic analysis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Here we demonstrate standard methods for gametogenesis, mating, zygote germination and tetrad dissection. This protocol consists of an easy-to-follow series of steps that will make genetic approaches amenable to scientists who are less familiar with Chlamydomonas.
12:34
Methods for Measuring the Orientation and Rotation Rate of 3D-printed Particles in Turbulence
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Cited by 7 •
2016
We use 3D printing to fabricate anisotropic particles in the shapes of jacks, crosses, tetrads, and triads, whose alignments and rotations in turbulent fluid flow can be measured from multiple simultaneous video images.
08:45
Genetic Crosses
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2023
To dissect genetic processes or create organisms with novel suites of traits, scientists can perform genetic crosses, or the purposeful mating of two organisms. The recombination of parental genetic material in the offspring allows researchers to deduce the functions, interactions, and locations of genes. This video will examine how genetic crosses were influential in developing Mendel's three laws of inheritance, which form the basis of our understanding of genetics. One genetic crossing...
12:57
Dissection of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Asci
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Cited by 8 •
2009
Micromanipulation of yeast cells is needed for meiotic genetic analysis or to select diploid zygotes. These micromanipulations are carried out using the microneedle of a dissection microscope. The microneedle is used to relocate cells and is controlled by a micromanipulator which are available with various degrees of automation.
FAQs
Potassium and sodium act as coordinating cations within the central channel, increasing the stability of the folded arrangement. This ionic contribution helps explain why the surrounding chemical environment matters when researchers assess quadruplex-forming sequences. In biochemistry, cation-dependent stability provides a mechanistic link between molecular composition and the persistence of higher-order nucleic-acid structures.
Stacking allows multiple planar units to assemble into a larger G-quadruplex architecture rather than remaining as isolated tetrads. This organization gives researchers a way to connect a local base-association event with a broader nucleic-acid fold. Examining that relationship is important because structural changes can influence how guanine-rich DNA or RNA regions behave in cellular contexts.
Guanine-rich sequences provide the base composition needed for these assemblies, so their locations are biologically informative rather than incidental. In DNA and RNA, such sequences occur in telomeres, gene promoters, and untranslated transcripts. Comparing these sequence settings helps biochemists relate folding potential to genome maintenance, transcriptional control, or transcript-associated regulation.
At telomeres, G-tetrad-containing folds are relevant to genome maintenance because the structure of guanine-rich nucleic-acid regions can influence how those regions are understood and studied. Their scientific value is structural: researchers can examine a connection between sequence composition and telomere-associated organization, rather than treating the sequence as chemically passive.
In gene promoters and untranslated transcripts, studying G-tetrads helps connect nucleic-acid folding with gene regulation. Promoter-associated structures provide context for considering regulatory DNA, whereas structures in untranslated transcripts extend the question to RNA. This distinction allows biochemical research to examine whether the same guanine-rich structural principle has relevance in different regulatory nucleic-acid regions.
These structures support application-oriented research in three ways: biosensors can draw on their distinctive nucleic-acid architecture, aptamer studies can investigate guanine-rich folded sequences, and therapeutic research can consider quadruplex-forming regions as targets. The underlying biochemical rationale is that nucleic-acid folding creates recognizable structural states that can be studied for technological or biomedical purposes.