Alveolar Sacs
Alveolar Sacs - Related Videos
10:38
Isolation of Early Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Yolk Sac and AGM
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Cited by 19 •
2008
This video shows how to micro-dissect the yolk sac and aorta-gonad-mesonephros region from embryos and use flow cytometry to sort hematopoietic stem cells.
07:47
Studying the Role of Alveolar Macrophages in Breast Cancer Metastasis
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Cited by 7 •
2016
Here we describe the model and approach to study functions of pulmonary alveolar macrophages in cancer metastasis. To demonstrate the role of these cells in metastasis, the syngeneic (4T1) model of breast cancer in conjunction with the depletion of alveolar macrophage with clodronate liposomes was used.
11:26
Harvesting Murine Alveolar Macrophages and Evaluating Cellular Activation Induced by Polyanhydride Nanoparticles
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Cited by 16 •
2012
Herein, we describe protocols for harvesting murine alveolar macrophages, which are resident innate immune cells in the lung, and examining their activation in response to co-culture with polyanhydride nanoparticles.
09:04
Assessing Anti-fungal Activity of Isolated Alveolar Macrophages by Confocal Microscopy
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Cited by 3 •
2014
A method to evaluate the ability of isolated mouse alveolar macrophages to control the growth of phagocytosed Aspergillus spores by confocal microscopy.
04:34
Dissection of the Endolymphatic Sac from Mice
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Cited by 5 •
2021
This study describes how to dissect the endolymphatic sac from the inner ear of the mouse at different ages. The result of a similar dissection is shown in an Slc26a4-null mouse model of enlargement of the endolymphatic sac. A transgenic mouse with a fluorescent reporter expressed in the endolymphatic sac is presented as a model to readily visualize the endolymphatic sac, and educational tool.
FAQs
Efficiency depends on the close positioning of very thin epithelial walls and dense capillary networks. This arrangement creates a short pathway between inhaled air and circulating blood, allowing oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse across the respiratory membrane according to their concentration gradients. The resulting exchange links air reaching the alveoli with changes in blood gases.
Pulmonary surfactant lowers surface tension within the alveolar air spaces. By reducing this force, it helps keep the spaces open during breathing rather than allowing them to close easily. This support preserves the available surface for contact between air and the respiratory membrane, making surfactant an important component of normal gas-exchange function.
Concentration gradients provide the driving force for movement across the respiratory membrane. Oxygen diffuses toward the blood, while carbon dioxide diffuses away from it, because each gas moves down its respective gradient. This directional exchange demonstrates why ventilation alone is insufficient: air must reach the spaces while blood passes closely alongside them.
They provide a clear biological example of ventilation and circulation operating as a coordinated system. Ventilation supplies the air spaces, while circulation brings blood to the adjacent capillary networks. Studying their relationship helps explain how gases move between the respiratory system and blood, connecting lung function with the oxygen demands of cellular respiration.
Examining alveolar sacs helps identify how changes affecting their structure or surrounding environment could interfere with oxygen entry and carbon dioxide removal. Their normal thin barrier, capillary association, and surfactant support establish a reference point for interpreting impaired gas exchange. This framework is relevant when studying emphysema, pulmonary edema, and related respiratory dysfunction.
Their structure and function offer a baseline for comparing normal and impaired respiratory processes. Researchers can relate the condition of the epithelial barrier, capillary interface, and air-space stability to the effectiveness of gas exchange. This makes alveolar sacs relevant to investigations of emphysema, pulmonary edema, and other problems involving the cooperation of ventilation and circulation.